Imam Sajjad (pbuh)
Peace be upon you, oh daughter of the Sultan of the Prophets. Peace be upon you, oh daughter of the owner of the Basin and the Banner. Peace be upon you, oh daughter of the one who ascended to heaven and reached a place just around the corner. Peace be upon you, oh daughter of the Prophet of guidance and the master of enlightenment and the savior of the servants from destruction. Peace be upon you, oh daughter of the owner of the great morals, the verses, and the wise remembrance. Peace be upon you, oh daughter of the owner of the praiseworthy position, the blessed basin, and the witnessed banner. Peace be upon you, oh daughter of the approach of the religion of Islam, the owner of the Qiblah and the Qur’an, and the knowledge of honesty, truth, and benevolence. Peace be upon you, oh She is the daughter of the elite of the prophets and the scholar of the pious. She is well-known on earth and in heaven, and may God have mercy and blessings. Peace be upon you, daughter, the best of God’s creation, the master of His creation, the beginning of number before the creation of His earth and heavens, and the end of eternity after the annihilation of the world and its people, and God’s mercy and blessings.
The shrine of Lady Zeinab, peace be upon her, in the town of Rawya in Ghouta, Damascus, is considered one of the most important spiritual shrines and one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture. Believers from all over the world visit it, their hearts full of faith, and they enjoy heavenly scents at its pure thresholds that fill their senses with the fragrance of piety and reverence. Visitors to the shrine used to offer sacrifices and vows of livestock to be slaughtered in the shrine’s slaughterhouse and then distribute them all to the poor.
Who is Imam Baqir (pbuh)?
Muhammad bin Ali Zain Al-Abidin bin Al-Hussein bin Ali bin Abi Talib, “peace be upon them,” was born in Medina in the year (57 AH/689 AD) and his mother is Mrs. Umm Abdullah Fatima, daughter of Imam Hassan, “peace be upon them.” He is related to the most honorable Prophet Muhammad, “may God bless him and grant him peace.” And God "from both sides, the father and the mother [1]
His nickname and titles:
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir was nicknamed Abu Jaafar in reference to his father, Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq, and he was called al-Hadi and al-Baqir because he split knowledge, meaning he divided it, so he knew its origin, its secrets, and its effects and expanded on it [2] , and Ibn Hajar said about him [3] : “He was called that because he is one of the clearers of the earth, meaning he split it and traced its hiddenness and position.” He revealed what was hidden from the treasures of knowledge and the truths of rulings, rulings, and gentleness, that which is hidden only to the one whose insight is blurred or who is corrupt in his mind and mind, and then it was said about him: “He is the one who acquires knowledge, gathers it, witnesses knowledge, and raises it.” Rather, he was called Al-Baqir because of his asceticism and worship. He prostrated on his forehead, and he was the most knowledgeable of the people of his time. It was narrated. The most honorable Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, announced his birth and named him Muhammad. The evidence for this is narrated by the companion Jaber bin Abdullah Al-Ansari, who said: “O Muhammad!... Muhammad is the Messenger of God, may God bless you. You have conveyed the message of the Master of Beings,” may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. By God.” Then our Imam Al-Baqir said: “And upon the Messenger of God, may blessings and peace be upon him. How is that, Jabir?” Jabir said: The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, said to me: O Jabir, you will outlive me until a child is born to me whose name is like my name and who will disgrace knowledge with cows. If you meet him, give him my greetings [4] . The narrators agreed on this narration.
In another narration, Jabir said: The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, said to me: O Jabir, perhaps you will remain after me until you meet a man from my descendants called Muhammad bin Al-Hussein. May God grant him light and wisdom, so send him my greetings [5] .
His upbringing:
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, peace be upon him, grew up in a house within the vast house of prophecy, which God Almighty chose to be the bearers of the religion and the source of intellectual radiation for the entire world. It is the home of the family of Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family, the landing site of the message and the resting place of the revelation. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir received prominent attention. By his father, Imam Ali Zain al-Abidin, “peace be upon him,” and he had a role in refining his personality in a way that was appropriate for the leadership role that would be entrusted to him, and to be a good example and a beacon of light for all the media and thinkers of his time.
Imam Al-Baqir lived under the care of his grandfather, Imam Al-Hussein, “peace be upon him,” for three years, and with his father, Zain Al-Abidin, for thirty years. He stayed with him and his companion throughout this period and did not leave him. He was influenced by him because he followed the guidance of the prophets and messengers in word and deed, and people in his time did not see anything like Imam Zain. The worshipers in their piety, piety, and asceticism, and their intense devotion and turn to God Almighty [6] .
His family:
He was born to Imam Muhammad al-Baqir Jaafar bin Muhammad al-Sadiq. He was his father’s successor in transmitting knowledge and jurisprudence to the public and private, and Abdullah, the brother of Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq, and their mother was Farwa bint al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr, and Ibrahim and Ali. As for his female children, they were two Zainab and Umm Salamah [7]. ] .
Scientists' sayings about it:
Ibn Khallikan said about him: “Al-Baqir was a great master scholar, but he was called Al-Baqir because he excelled in knowledge, meaning expansion [8] , and the poet Al-Qaridi says about him:
O Giver of knowledge to the people of piety and the best of those who respond on the mountain
Malik bin Ain said about it
If people sought knowledge of the Qur’an, the Quraysh would provide them as dependents
If it is said that the son of the Messenger’s son, then you will have a long gap
The joy of the mediators turns into mountains, leaving behind mountains of knowledge [9]
When he and his brother Zaid bin Ali interacted, people gathered with inkwells to write down the knowledge that came from them, and Abdullah bin Ata’ said: “I have not seen scholars with anyone younger than them in knowledge, who has useful words in wisdom and sermons” [10] .
Ibn Abi Al-Hadid said: “Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir was the master of the jurists of the Hijaz, and from him and his son Jaafar people learned jurisprudence. He was nicknamed Al-Baqir by the nickname of the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, and he was not yet created. He was given good tidings about him, and Jabir promised to see him. He was one of the scholars. Those who know in his time and the teacher of those who walk in his time have a lot of humility and reverence in the hands of his Lord. One of the common people complained about the need and the estrangement of the brothers, and he said: “What a miserable brother is a brother who takes care of you richly and separates you from poverty.” Then he ordered his servant and he brought out a bag containing seven hundred dirhams, and he said, “Spend this.” [11]
Imam Baqir
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) is the fifth of the pure imams appointed by the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) to succeed him in the leadership of the Islamic nation and lead it to the shore of security and peace that God has destined for it under the shadow of the leadership of the infallible ones from whom God removed impurity and purified them with a thorough purification.
The father: He is the master of those who prostrate, the adornment of worshipers, and the most brilliant of Muslim masters.
And the mother: She is the pure and pure lady Fatima, the daughter of Imam Hassan, the master of the youth of the people of Paradise. She was nicknamed Umm Abdullah and she was one of the women of Banu Hashim. Imam Zayn al-Abidin (peace be upon him) called her a friend, and Imam Abu Abdullah al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said about her: “She was a friend.” She was not found in the Al-Hasan family like her.” He considered her loftiness to be a few of the daughters of the Messenger of God, and that she grew up in houses that God permitted to be exalted and for his name to be mentioned in them. In her pure stone, Imam Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) was raised.
The blessed newborn: The world shone with the birth of Imam Al-Zaki Muhammad Al-Baqir, who was announced by the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) before his birth, and the people of the House (peace be upon them) were impatiently waiting for him because he was one of the imams of the Muslims whom the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) stipulated and made leaders of his nation. He associated them with the decisive revelation, and his birth was in Yathrib on the third day of the month of Safar in the year (56 AH), and it was said that it was the year (57 AH), on the first of Rajab on a Friday. He was born three years before the martyrdom of his grandfather, Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), and it was said that it was four years, as he (peace be upon him) stated. Peace be upon him) with that, and it was said that it took two years or months.
His naming: His grandfather, the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) called him Muhammad, and he nicknamed him Al-Baqir decades before he was born, and that was one of the signs of his prophecy. He (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) discovered from beyond the unseen what his tribe was doing in spreading knowledge and spreading it among the people, so he preached good tidings. His nation, and he also conveyed his greetings to him at the hands of the great companion Jaber bin Abdullah Al-Ansari.
His nickname: “Abu Jaafar” and he has no other nickname.
His honorable titles: They indicate features of his great personality, which are:
1 - The Secretary.
2 - The resemblance: because he resembled his grandfather, the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family).
3 - Al-Shakir.
4 - Al-Hadi.
5 - The patient.
6 - The witness.
7 - Al-Baqir. This is one of his most common and widespread nicknames. He and his son Imam Al-Sadiq were nicknamed (Al-Baqirin), and they were also nicknamed (Al-Sadiqin) out of dominance.
Here we shed light on the life of Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, about what was famous for his humility, asceticism, and his urge to work to earn a living and do without people, when he urged trade, agriculture, industry, and learning the craft, and he (peace be upon him) was working himself and saw that work was obedience to God Almighty. .
He (peace be upon him) used to cite the biography of his fathers and grandfathers to encourage him to work and seek livelihood. He (peace be upon him) narrated: A man met the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) and under him was a watertight of pots, so he said to him: What is this, O Abu Al-Hassan, under you? He said: One hundred stalks, God willing, so he planted them and not a single seed was left.
He forbade laziness and inaction from work, and he made laziness about the afterlife concomitant with laziness about seeking this world. He said: “I hate a man - or I hate a man - to be lazy about the affairs of his world, and whoever is lazy about the affairs of his world is lazier about the affairs of the hereafter.”
His asceticism in this world:
Imam Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) abstained from all the joys of life and turned away from its adornments. He did not keep feathers in his house, but rather spread mats in his sitting area.
He looked at life deeply and with insight into all its affairs, so he abstained from its refuges and turned towards God Almighty with a repentant heart.
On the authority of Jabir bin Yazid al-Ja’fi: Muhammad bin Ali (peace be upon him) said to me: “O Jabir, I am sad, and my heart is busy.”
Jaber turned to him and said: “What is your sadness?” What is your heart's concern?
He (peace be upon him) replied, saying: “O Jabir, whoever enters his heart with the purity of the religion of God Almighty, he is distracted from everything else. Oh Jaber, what is the world? What could it be? Is it just a boat he rode? Or a dress she wore? Or a woman I injured?!”
Many of his words inspired asceticism, turning to God Almighty, and warning against the vanity of this world and its sins.
The assassination and martyrdom of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him):
Imam Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) did not die, but was assassinated by poison by the hands of a sinful Umayyad who does not believe in God or the Last Day. Historians have disagreed about the sinful person who committed this crime.
Some of them said: It was Hisham bin Al-Hakam who assassinated the Imam and poisoned him. The most likely is this saying, because Hisham was extremely hostile to the Prophet’s family and his soul was full of hatred for them, and he was the one who pushed the great martyr Zaid bin Ali (peace be upon him) to declare a revolution against him. When he underestimated him, he met him with more cruelty and contempt. It is certain that the great Imam Abu Jaafar disturbed this tyrant, due to the spread of his virtue and the spread of his knowledge, and the Muslims spoke of his talents, and from here he assassinated him to get rid of him.
Some of them said: The one who poisoned the Imam was Ibrahim bin Al-Walid.
Al-Sayyid Ibn Tawus believes that Ibrahim ibn al-Walid shared in the blood of the Imam (peace be upon him), and this means that Ibrahim was not alone in assassinating the Imam (peace be upon him), but rather he was with others.
Some sources neglected the name of the person who assassinated the Imam (peace be upon him) and simply said that he died of poisoning.
Motives for the assassination of Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him):
As for the reasons that led the Umayyads to assassinate the Imam (peace be upon him), they were:
1 - The lofty personality of Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him): Imam Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) was the highest personality in the Islamic world. Muslims unanimously agreed to glorify him and acknowledge his merit, and he was the destination of scholars from all Islamic countries.
The Imam (peace be upon him) controlled the people’s emotions and commanded their respect and appreciation because he was the prominent scholar in the Prophet’s family. His social status aroused the anger and hatred of the Umayyads, so they agreed to assassinate him to get rid of him.
2- Damascus events:
Researchers and historians do not rule out that the events in Damascus were one of the reasons that prompted the Umayyads to assassinate him (peace be upon him), for the following:
A - The Imam excelled in shooting over the Umayyads and others when Hisham called on him to shoot, thinking that he would fail in throwing it and not hit the target, so he used that as a means to degrade him and ridicule him in front of the people of the Levant. When the Imam shot and hit the target several times in an amazing way that was unparalleled in shooting operations in the world, the tyrant Hisham was astonished and began to become angry, and the earth became too narrow for him, and he was determined from that time on to assassinate him.
B - His debate with Hisham regarding the affairs of the Imamate, and the Imam excelled over him to the point that he became incapable, which led to his hatred towards him.
C - His debate with the Christian scholar, and his victory over him until he admitted his inability to keep up with him in front of a large crowd of them, acknowledging the virtue of the Imam and his scientific superiority in the nation of Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family). This issue, with all its details, became the preoccupying conversation of the masses of the people of the Levant. This scholarly reputation is also sufficient to be a factor in hatred against the Imam (peace be upon him) and planning to get rid of his presence.
His martyrdom, peace be upon him, was on the seventh of Dhul-Hijjah in the year 114 AH, and his honorable age was 58 years.
May peace be upon him the day he was born, the day he was martyred, and the day he is raised alive.
Imam Baqir
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) is the fifth of the pure imams appointed by the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) to succeed him in the leadership of the Islamic nation and lead it to the shore of security and peace that God has destined for it under the shadow of the leadership of the infallible ones from whom God removed impurity and purified them with a thorough purification.
The world brightened with the birth of Imam Al-Zaki Muhammad Al-Baqir, who was announced by the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) before his birth, and the people of the House (peace be upon them) were impatiently waiting for him because he was one of the imams of the Muslims whom the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) stipulated and made them leaders of his nation, and associated them with an arbitrator. Download: His birth was in Yathrib on the third day of the month of Safar in the year (56 AH), and it was said that it was the year (57 AH), on the first of Rajab on a Friday. He was born three years before the martyrdom of his grandfather, Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), and it was said that it was four years, as he (peace be upon him) stated. It was said that it took two years or months.
His grandfather, the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), named him Muhammad, and he nicknamed him Al-Baqir decades before he was born, and that was one of the signs of his prophecy. He (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) discovered from beyond the unseen what his tribe was doing in spreading knowledge and spreading it among the people, so he gave good tidings to his nation. He also conveyed his greetings to him from the great companion Jaber bin Abdullah Al-Ansari.
The life of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) - like all other infallible Imams (peace be upon them) - included two distinct stages:
The first stage: The stage before confronting the general legitimate leadership, which includes both intellectual and political leadership, which is the stage of birth and upbringing until the martyrdom of his father (peace be upon him).
At this stage, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) lived with his grandfather and father (peace be upon them), and he spent a very short period with his grandfather Al-Hussein (peace be upon him), not more than five years in most estimates, and not less than three years.
He lived with his father, Imam Zayn al-Abidin (peace be upon him), for a period of approximately thirty-four years, and they were lean years. The Umayyad state was at the height of its oppression and power, and Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, Yazid bin Muawiyah, Muawiyah bin Yazid, Marwan bin Al-Hakam, Abdullah bin Al-Zubair, Abdul-Malik bin Marwan, and the majority of the rule of Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik lived there.
As for the second stage, it begins with the martyrdom of his father (peace be upon him) on the twenty-fifth of Muharram al-Haram in the year (95 AH). It is the stage of confronting the responsibility of general spiritual, intellectual, and political leadership, which is the legitimate imamate according to the school of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). It is not limited to spiritual leadership only, nor is it limited to spiritual leadership. It is limited to political leadership in the sense of exercising governance and managing the Islamic state.
At this stage, peace be upon him, he lived through the last days of the rule of Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik, Suleiman bin Abdul-Malik, Omar bin Abdul-Aziz, and Yazid bin Abdul-Malik, and part of the rule of Hisham bin Abdul-Malik, and he was martyred during this rule of Hisham and at the hands of one of his unjust workers.
Imam Al-Baqir suffered from the oppression of the Umayyads from his birth until his martyrdom, except for a very short period, which was the period of the caliphate of Omar bin Abdul Aziz, which was approximately two and a half years. He lived through the most severe periods of Umayyad oppression. He also oversaw the decline of this pre-Islamic movement and drank a dose of pain that was unique to him in his awareness. And greatness and perfection.
This stage lasted approximately nineteen years, during which he established the path of the guided imams before him, drawing inspiration - from his pure ancestors, their sciences, and the sciences with which God endowed him - the correct method for achieving the goals of the Muhammadan message.
During those years, Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, was able to present to the Islamic nation the most prominent features of the school of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) at all levels. He took it upon himself to raise several generations of jurists and narrators and built a solid base of a righteous group that adopted the sound missionary line of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and sought to Striving to achieve their ideal goals.
The Imam (peace be upon him) resided throughout his life in Medina, and he did not leave it to another country - except that he was forced to go to the Levant, as will be mentioned - where he was the first teacher and the greatest pioneer of the scientific and cultural movement. He used the Prophet’s Mosque as his school and used to give lectures in The vastness of his research on his students.
A group of great scholars graduated from the school of this giant Imam who traveled the earth, east and west, spreading knowledge and knowledge, and their superior personalities established the Islamic nation in all its sectors.
After the tyrant Hisham feared that the people would be tempted by him and that public opinion would turn against the Umayyads, he ordered his governor of Medina to carry the Imam to Damascus, and he instructed the city markets and commercial shops located on the way to close their shops in his face and not sell him any goods, and by doing so he intended his destruction. Imam (peace be upon him) and eliminate him.
The Imam’s caravan (peace be upon him) was exhausted by hunger and thirst. It passed through some cities, and their people quickly closed their shops in the face of the Imam. When the Imam saw this, he climbed a mountain there and raised his voice, saying:
“O people of the city whose people are unjust, I am the remnant of God. God Almighty says: (The remnant of God is better for you if you are believers* and I am not a guardian over you.”)
The Imam had not finished these words until one of the sheikhs of the city came forward and called out to the people of his village, saying:
“O my people, by God, this is Shuaib’s call. By God, if you do not go out to this man in the markets, you will be taken from above you and from under your feet. So believe me this time, and obey me, and deny me what you continue, for I am an advisor to you...”
The people of the village were terrified, so they responded to the call of the sheikh who advised them, so they opened their shops and the Imam bought whatever he wanted of the goods. The tyrant’s plot and what he had planned for the Imam (peace be upon him) were ruined, and the news reached him that his plot had failed.
Imam al-Baqir’s (peace be upon him) meeting with a priest, one of the leading scholars of the Christian religion:
Imam Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) met in the Levant with a priest, one of the senior Christian scholars, and a debate took place between them in which the priest admitted his inability and inability to argue and debate with the Imam.
Abu Basir said: Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) said: I passed through the Levant, and I was heading to some place
The caliphs of the Umayyads, and when people were passing by, I said: Where do you want? They said: To a world the likes of which we have never seen.
He tells us what is in the interest of our affairs. He (peace be upon him) said: So I followed them until they entered a great hall in which there was a creation.
It was a lot, and soon an old old man came out, leaning on two men. His eyebrows had fallen over his eyes, and he had pulled them together. When the council settled in, he looked at me and said: Are you from the deceased nation?
I said: From the deceased nation. He said: From its scholars or from its ignorant people?
I said: I am not one of those who are ignorant of it. He said: Are you the ones who claim that you will go to Paradise and eat and drink and do not speak?!!
I said yes. He said: Bring proof of this.
So I said: Yes, the fetus eats her food and drinks her drink in its mother’s womb, but does not have a baby. He said: Didn't you claim that you are not one of its scholars?
I said: I am not one of those who are ignorant of it. He said: Tell me about an hour that is neither day nor night.
I said: This is an hour after sunrise, and we do not count it as our night or our day when the sick wake up.
The priest was astonished, and began to say to the imam: Didn’t you claim that you were not one of its scholars?!
I said: I only said: I am not one of its ignorant people. He said: By God, I will ask you about an issue that you are confused about.
I said: Bring what you have. He said: Tell me about two men who were born in one hand, and died in one hour? One of them lived one hundred and fifty years, and the other lived fifty years?
So I said: That is Uzair and Ezra. They were born on the same day, and when they reached the age of men, Uzair passed by on his donkey a village that was empty of its thrones, and he said: How can God revive this woman after her death, and God had chosen him and guided him? When he said that, God became angry with him and caused him to die for a hundred years, then He sent him, and it was said to him: How long did you stay? He said: A day or part of a day. The other lived for one hundred and fifty years, and God took him and his brother in one day.
The priest shouted to his companions, “By God, I will not speak to you, and you will not see my face for twelve months,” when he imagined that they had deliberately brought in Imam Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) to expose him and disgrace him. Then Imam Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) rose and the clubs of the Levant began to talk about the abundance of his virtue and his abilities. Scientific.
Imam al-Baqir’s meeting with the tyrant Hisham after his arrival in the Levant:
History has mentioned to us many incidents regarding Hisham’s desire to overthrow Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him). When he arrived in Damascus (peace be upon him), and Hisham learned of his arrival, he instructed his entourage to confront the Imam with more humiliation and reprimand when his conversation with him ended.
The Imam (peace be upon him) entered upon Hisham and greeted the people but did not greet him with the caliphate. Hisham became angry and approached the Imam (peace be upon him) and said to him:
“O Muhammad bin Ali, the man among you has still broken the stick of the Muslims, called for himself, and claimed to be the Imam out of foolishness and lack of knowledge...”
Then Hisham remained silent, and his agents spoke out and began insulting the Imam and mocking him. Here the Imam (peace be upon him) spoke and said:
“People: Where are you going? Where are you meant? With us God guided the first of you and with us the last of you will be sealed. So if you have an immediate kingdom, then we have a deferred kingdom, and after our reign there is no king, for we are the people of the end, and the end is for the righteous...”
The Imam left after filling their souls with sadness and sorrow, and they were unable to respond to his strong logic.
The people of Syria crowded towards the Imam (peace be upon him) and were saying: This is Ibn Abi Turab. So the Imam decided to guide them to the straight path and introduce them to the truth of the People of the House, so he stood up and preached to them, thanked God and praised him, and prayed for the Messenger of God and then said:
Avoid the people of discord, the offspring of hypocrisy, the stuffing of the Fire, and the scourge of Hell from the shining full moon, the roaring sea, the piercing meteor, the shooting star of the believers, and the straight path, before We obliterate faces and turn them back on their backs, or they are cursed as He cursed the Companions of the Sabbath, and God’s command is in effect...
Then, after speaking to him, he said:
Are you mocking the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) - meaning the Imam, the Commander of the Faithful? Or Yaasoub Al-Din Talmazon? What path will you take after that?! What sorrow will you pay after?
No way - by God - did he emerge with the precedence, he won the crown, he seized the goal, and he achieved the choice, so the eyes receded from him, and the necks bowed down below him, and the highest peak branched out, so he lied from his soul in striving, and exhausted by seeking, so how could they have a skirmish from a far away place?!
Then he said: How can the gap be closed by my brother, the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) when they interceded, and his brother when they were attributed a lineage, and he reached out his hand when they were killed, and the one who treasured my horns when they were conquered, and the one who prays the two qiblahs when they were deviated, and the one who is known for his faith when they disbelieved, and the one who claims to renounce the covenant of the polytheists when they abdicated, and the Caliph. On the cradle on the night of the siege when they were frightened, and the storehouse of secrets at the hour of farewell...”
When the Imam’s virtue spread among the people of the Levant, the tyrant ordered his arrest and imprisonment.
When the prisoners celebrated him and began to learn about his knowledge and morals, the prison director feared sedition, so he went to Hisham and told him about it, so he ordered him to be released from prison and returned to his country.
Imam Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) was not martyred by his own death, but rather he was assassinated by poison by the hands of a sinful Umayyad who does not believe in God or the Last Day. Historians have differed regarding the sinful person who committed this crime.
Some of them said: It was Hisham bin Al-Hakam who assassinated the Imam and poisoned him. The most likely is this saying, because Hisham was extremely hostile to the Prophet’s family and his soul was full of hatred for them, and he was the one who pushed the great martyr Zaid bin Ali (peace be upon him) to declare a revolution against him. When he underestimated him, he met him with more cruelty and contempt. It is certain that the great Imam Abu Jaafar disturbed this tyrant, due to the spread of his virtue and the spread of his knowledge, and the Muslims spoke of his talents, and from here he assassinated him to get rid of him.
Some of them said: The one who poisoned the Imam was Ibrahim bin Al-Walid.
Al-Sayyid Ibn Tawus believes that Ibrahim ibn al-Walid shared in the blood of the Imam (peace be upon him), and this means that Ibrahim was not alone in assassinating the Imam (peace be upon him), but rather he was with others.
Some sources neglected the name of the person who assassinated the Imam (peace be upon him) and simply said that he was martyred by poisoning.
He (peace be upon him) was martyred at the age of 58, and the year of his martyrdom - according to the popular opinion - was the year 114 AH.
Motives for the assassination of Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him):
As for the reasons that led the Umayyads to assassinate the Imam (peace be upon him), they were:
1 - The lofty personality of Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him): Imam Abu Jaafar (peace be upon him) was the highest personality in the Islamic world. Muslims unanimously agreed to glorify him and acknowledge his merit, and he was the destination of scholars from all Islamic countries.
The Imam (peace be upon him) controlled the people’s emotions and commanded their respect and appreciation because he was the prominent scholar in the Prophet’s family. His social status aroused the anger and hatred of the Umayyads, so they agreed to assassinate him to get rid of him.
2- Damascus events:
Researchers and historians do not rule out that the events in Damascus were one of the reasons that prompted the Umayyads to assassinate him (peace be upon him), for the following:
A - The Imam excelled in shooting over the Umayyads and others when Hisham called on him to shoot, thinking that he would fail in throwing it and not hit the target, so he used that as a means to degrade him and ridicule him in front of the people of the Levant. When the Imam shot and hit the target several times in an amazing way that was unparalleled in shooting operations in the world, the tyrant Hisham was astonished and began to become angry, and the earth became too narrow for him, and he was determined from that time on to assassinate him.
B - His debate with Hisham regarding the affairs of the Imamate, and the Imam excelled over him to the point that he became incapable, which led to his hatred towards him.
C - His debate with the Christian scholar, and his victory over him until he admitted his inability to keep up with him in front of a large crowd of them, acknowledging the virtue of the Imam and his scientific superiority in the nation of Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family). This issue, with all its details, became the preoccupying conversation of the masses of the people of the Levant. This scholarly reputation is also sufficient to be a factor in hatred against the Imam (peace be upon him) and planning to get rid of his presence.
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) from birth to imamate
He is Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir, the fifth imam of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). His grandfather was the Commander of the Faithful, Ali ibn Abi Talib, the guardian of the most honorable Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family). His lineage goes back to Ismail ibn the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon them), as stated in the biography of Ibn Hisham. [1] .
Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) was born in Medina, but the opinions of historians were not identical regarding determining the year in which he was born, as there are four narrations in this regard, the first indicating that his birth (peace be upon him) was in the year fifty-six of the Hijra [ 2] . While the second confirms that it was in the year fifty-seven AH [3] , the third narration says that the Imam (peace be upon him) was born in the year fifty-eight AH [4] , while the fourth narration was that the Imam was born in the year fifty-nine AH [5] . It can be said that the first narration is more likely to indicate his birth, that is, in the year fifty-six AH. Our criterion for preferring this year over others is the antiquity of the historical source that he mentioned .
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) grew up in one of the greatest Arab homes, which is the house of the family of Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), the landing site of the message and the resting place of revelation. The Imam received prominent attention from his grandfather, Imam Hussein, and his father, Imam Zain al-Abidin (peace be upon them), and they groomed him. For the leadership role that will be entrusted to him, there is no doubt that Imam Al-Baqir lived under the care of his father, Imam Ali bin Al-Hussein, for thirty-five years minus two months, and he remained with him and his companion throughout this period and did not leave him, pouring upon him rays of his holy spirit that illuminated the horizons of this universe. And the light of prophecy and the guidance of the message poured upon him [6] .
Historical sources indicate that Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir, in the early stages of his upbringing, derived from the house of prophecy in the person of his grandfather, Imam Hussein, the grandson of the most honorable Prophet (peace be upon them). The sources indicated that the period of time he spent with Imam Hussein’s grandmother was four years, and what supports this opinion is Imam Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: “My grandfather, Al-Hussein, was killed when I was four years old, and I remember his killing and what befell us at that time” [7] .
Historians have mentioned some historical reasons for a number of blessed titles, including, for example, “Al-Baqir.” It can be said that the reason for his being known by the title of Al-Baqir over his other titles. There are two opinions in this regard. The first of them says that he was nicknamed Al-Baqir because of his frequent prostrations. He expanded it [8] , while the second opinion says: “Al-Baqir was called Baqir because he is the vulgar of knowledge, that is, he divided it and made it apparent.” [9] , and it seems that the opinion closest to the truth behind why the Imam (peace be upon him) acquired the title Al-Baqir is the second opinion, i.e., he is the vulgar of knowledge. He read it and knew its origin and its hidden meaning.
As for the text on the imamate of Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him), it was not limited to the imamate of his grandfather, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), but it extended to his children and grandchildren after him, as the most honorable Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “The imams from the descendants of Hussein, whoever obeys them has obeyed.” And whoever disobeys them has disobeyed God. They are the most trustworthy handhold and they are the means to God.” [10] , and because of the status of the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) before God (the Almighty), He gave them several characteristics and characteristics, including, for example, God enjoining their obedience, and this was mentioned in the Almighty’s saying, “ O O you who have believed, obey God and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. ( And the most honorable Prophet stipulated the leadership of twelve imams from his pure family, as is known from the hadith of Jabir bin Abdullah Al-Ansari. He said: “O Messenger of God, we know God and His Messenger, so those in charge of authority who have May God obey them by obeying you?” He said (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family): “They are my successors, O Jabir, and the imams of the Muslims after me. The first of them is Ali bin Abi Talib, then Al-Hassan, then Al-Hussein, then Ali bin Al-Hussein, then Muhammad bin Ali, known in the Torah as Al-Baqir, and you will catch up with him, O Jabir, and when you meet him, read him my greetings from me, then Al-Sadiq Jaafar bin Muhammad, then Musa bin Jaafar, then Ali bin Musa, then Muhammad bin Ali, then Ali bin Muhammad, then Al-Hassan bin Ali, then Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, God’s proof on his earth and the rest of him among his servants Ibn Al-Hasan Ibn Ali, the one through whose hands God Almighty opens the remembrance of the earth to the east and west of the earth, the one who will be absent from his Shiites and loyalists in an absence in which no one will remain firm in the belief of his Imamate except those whose heart God has tested for faith” [11] .
We conclude from this that the birth of Imam Muhammad bin Ali al-Baqir (peace be upon him) was in the house of prophecy, and at the beginning of his life he witnessed the tragedy of his grandfather Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and his martyrdom and that of his family. In addition to that, those who followed the guardianship of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and his sons There is no fear for his grandchildren, because guardianship is the ship of salvation, and love for Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and hatred for them is the decisive factor between a believer and a hypocrite.
Shiite loyalists through the narratives of Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon him)
The first to give the name Shiites to the followers of Ali (peace be upon him) was the most honorable Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family). He was the one who laid its foundation stone and established it. This name prevailed over everyone who was loyal to Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) and his pure family (peace be upon them). ) Until it became a special name for them, so if it is said that so-and-so is a Shiite, it is known that he is one of them [ 1] , and since the one who followed Imam Ali became a Shiite, we have to know who are the loyal ones ? The wilderness [2] ( when the most honorable Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said to Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, “You and your Shiites are the best of the wilderness” [3] and this is what was narrated by Jabir bin Abdullah Al-Ansari, that he asked the most honorable Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) And his family) Will the Shiites benefit from the Qa’im (peace be upon him) in his absence? He (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “That is, by the One who sent me with prophethood, they will benefit from him, and they will be illuminated by the light of his authority in his absence, just as people benefit from the sun even if it is covered by clouds” [4] .
Likewise, the Almighty’s saying was revealed about them : “ And We placed in the hearts of those who followed him compassion and mercy and monasticism. They innovated it. We did not prescribe it for them except to seek the pleasure of God, but they did not obey it.” Its maintenance is due, so We gave those who believed among them their reward, but many of them are transgressors ( [5] when Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) confirmed that he said “There are only followers of the meek and the scholars, with withered lips and monasticism on their faces.” [6] . It seems that the scholars are a reference to their theoretical strength through theoretical knowledge, and the meek are a reference to their perfection in the power of anger, because forbearance is a faculty beneath the courage that comes from the moderation of that power and the wither. The lips are an indication of their perfection in practical power [7] .
In addition to that, they are the winners mentioned in the Almighty’s saying : “ Those who believe and emigrate and strive in the cause of God with their wealth and their souls are of greater status in the sight of God. It is these who are the winners. ” [8] , when Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: “Imam Ali (peace be upon him) Peace be upon him) and his Shiites are the victors” [9] , and this is supported by what Jabir narrated on the authority of the Imam (peace be upon him) when he said: “O Jabir, inform our Shiites that if they do what they are commanded, they will be the victors on the Day of Resurrection” [10] .
Historical narratives show that Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) explained the word “the way of God” in his Almighty saying ( And if you are killed in the way of God or die... [11] ) , he (peace be upon him) said: “The way of God is Imam Ali and his descendants ( Peace be upon them), and in the way of God is he who is killed while in his guardianship, and whoever dies while in his guardianship” [12] . Likewise, Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) explained the meaning of the Almighty’s saying ( And indeed, I am a Forgiver of whoever repents and believes and does righteousness and then is guided [13] ) ( so the Imam mentioned (peace be upon him): “With our guardianship, the family of the Prophet, peace be upon them” [14] .
Imam Muhammad bin Ali al-Baqir (peace be upon him) clarified the interpretation of the verse in the Almighty’s saying : “ Indeed, in that are signs for every patient and grateful person ” ( [15]) . He (peace be upon him) affirmed: “Patient in our affection and whatever hardship or ease befalls him, patient in the face of harm.” In us, thanks be to God for our guardianship over the Household, peace be upon them” [16] .
The narrations indicated that God (the Almighty) had taken the covenant from the Shiite loyalists to love the family of the Noble Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and they were in the loins of the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him). This was confirmed by Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir, saying: “God took the covenant of our Shiites from the loins of the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him). Adam, by this we know the love of the lover, even if he expresses otherwise with his tongue, and we know the hatred of the hater, even if he shows our love for the family of the Prophet (peace be upon them).” It can be said that not everyone who claims to love Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) is entitled to the title of lover, loyalist, and Shiite. Rather, whoever claims this must disavow their enemies and be loyal to them in a true way by following their behavior and approach. Loving them is not just a word or a feeling, but rather it should be It translates into practical application of guardianship over them and acquittal from their enemies.
There is no doubt that God (the Almighty) created the Shiites and the Prophets from one kind, and this is what was narrated by Jabir bin Abdullah Al-Ansari, on the authority of the most honorable Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) who said to Imam Ali (peace be upon him): “Shall I not bring you good tidings, shall I give you good news?” He said. “Yes, O Messenger of God.” He said: “You and I were created from a single species, and a portion of it was left over, and from it our Shiites were created. So when the Day of Resurrection comes, people will be called by their mothers, except for your Shiites, for they will be called by the names of their fathers due to their good births” [17] .
In another place, Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: “We and our lovers are from one pure, white clay from the highest of the highest, so we were created from the highest and our loved ones were created from the lowest. So when on the Day of Resurrection the highest joins the lowest, then we strike with our hands to the confines of our Prophet, and Our Shiites are with their own hands to our custody, so where do you see God, His Prophet, and his descendants going, and where do you think his descendants, our lovers, will go? [18] .
At the same time, the Shiites have special qualities that were summarized by the son of the most honorable Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), Imam Al-Baqir, saying: “By God, our Shiites are only those who fear God and obey Him, and they did not know anything...except with humility, reverence, honesty, frequent remembrance of God, fasting, prayer, being kind to parents, and making commitments to neighbors.” Of the poor, the needy, the debtors, and the orphans, and the truthfulness of the hadith, and the recitation of the Qur’an, and the restraint of tongues from the people except those who are good, and they were trustees of their clans in matters.” Then he (peace be upon him) said: “O Jabir, do not go with the doctrines. It is enough for a man to say: I love Ali and befriend him, and then it does not happen.” However, is it effective? If he said: I love the Messenger of God, and the Messenger of God is better than Ali, and then he does not follow his behavior or follow his Sunnah, his love for him will not benefit him at all. So fear God and do what God has, there is no relationship between God and anyone. The most beloved of servants to God and the most honorable to Him are the most pious of them. And do them in obedience to Him, O Jabir. By God, no one approaches God except through obedience. We do not have any acquittal from the Fire, nor does anyone have any argument against God. Whoever is obedient to God is our guardian, and whoever is disobedient to God is our enemy, and our guardianship is not attained except by work and piety.” [19] .
You can conclude from this that not everyone who claims to love the house of prophecy and the subject of the message (peace be upon them) is entitled to the title of lover. Rather, those who claim to love them must disavow their enemies and be loyal to them in a true way by following their path, and that translates into practical application of loyalty to them and disavowal of their enemies.
The mandate of the Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib, in the sayings of Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon them)
Due to the position of the Commander of the Faithful Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) before God (the Almighty), He gave him several characteristics and advantages, including, but not limited to, God enjoining obedience to him. This was mentioned in the Almighty’s saying, “ O you who have believed, obey God and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you , ” and likewise ] And relatives are more worthy of one another in the Book of God than the believers and the immigrants, unless you do kindness to your friends. This was in The book is written ( , narrated on the authority of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) who said: “God confirmed with this verse the guardianship of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib because he was more deserving The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) from others and his brother in this world and the hereafter, and he obtained his inheritance, his weapons, his goods, his gray mules, and all that he left behind, and he inherited his book after him” [1] .
His guardianship is also stated in the Almighty’s saying : “ And indeed, it is a revelation of the Lord of the worlds* that the Trustworthy Spirit has sent down to your heart* so that you may be among the warners ” ( This is what Imam Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir confirmed, saying: “The guardianship that was revealed to the Commander of the Faithful, may God bless him and grant him peace, on the Day of Ghadir” [2] . And in the interpretation of his saying. Almighty ] You have no control over the matter ( Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir said: “The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) was keen that the matter be a matter and it was delegated to him, so he said: The Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) was not permitted.” It is permissible and what the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) forbade is forbidden” [3] .
There is no doubt that guardianship is eternal since God created creation and is not the result of coincidence or a specific event, and this is what was stated in the interpretation of the Almighty’s saying : “ And when your Lord took from the children of Adam from their backs their offspring and made them testify against themselves: ‘Am I not your Lord?’” They said, “Yes, we bear witness, lest you say on the Day of Resurrection, ‘Indeed, we were These are ignorant ( when Imam Al-Baqir said on the authority of his father that the Messenger of God said to Ali: “You are the one whom God used as evidence in His inception of creation when He made them ghosts, and said to them: ‘ Am I not your Lord ?’ ) He said: Yes. He said: And Muhammad is my messenger? They said: Yes. He said “And Ali bin Abi Talib is my successor.” All of creation refused except out of arrogance and were stubborn towards your guardianship, except for a small group, and they are the smallest of the few, and they are the companions of the right” [4] .
In another place, Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) explained the interpretation of the Almighty’s saying : “ Indeed , We offered the trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, but they refused to bear it and were afraid of it, but man carried it.” Because he was unjust and ignorant. They (peace be upon him) said: “Indeed, the guardianship is too clear to bear because of disbelief in it and stubbornness, but man carried it. ” And the man who carried it was Abu So-and-so” [5] , since God (the Almighty) presented the souls of the Imams (peace be upon them) to the heavens, the earth, and the mountains, and their light covered them and said: In their virtue is what he said, and trustworthiness is the Imam (peace be upon him) and enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and the evidence for That is what God Almighty says : “ Indeed, God commands you to return trusts to those to whom they are due, and when you judge between people, you should judge with justice. Indeed, God is a blessing that He encourages you with. Indeed, it is God All-Hearing, All-Seeing. It can be said that the guardianship from God has been delegated to the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). This is what was stated in his saying God Almighty ) And say : The truth is from your Lord. So whoever wills, let him believe, and whoever wills, let him disbelieve “The respite darkens the faces. What an evil drink, and how evil is a companion? ” Imam al-Baqir said: “It was revealed about the guardianship of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib. ” [6] ] .
In addition to that, he (peace be upon him) explained the Almighty’s saying : “ O people, the Messenger has brought to you the truth from your Lord. Believe, it will be better for you. But if you disbelieve, then to God belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth He is All-Knowing, All-Wise ( The Imam said, “Indeed, the Messenger has come to you with the truth from your Lord regarding the guardianship of Imam Ali, and that Disbelieve in the guardianship of Imam Ali, for to God belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth” [7] .
In another place, he (peace be upon him) explained the Almighty’s saying : “Indeed, the number of months with God is twelve months in the Book of God on the day He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them were sacred. That is the noble religion, so it is not.” Therein, you wrong yourselves and fight the polytheists all together, just as they fight you all together, and know that God is with the righteous. ( Jabir said. Al-Jaafi, I heard Imam Al-Baqir say: In the interpretation of this verse: “O Jabir, as for the Sunnah, my grandfather, the Messenger of God, and its twelve months, from my grandfather, the Commander of the Faithful, to the successor, the Mahdi, from the descendants of Al-Hussein, there are twelve imams, and as for the four sacred ones, there are four imams with one name, Ali, the Commander of the Faithful, and Ali bin Al-Hussein, Ali bin Musa Al-Ridha, and Ali bin Muhammad (may God’s prayers be upon them all) and acknowledgment of these upright religions, so do not wrong yourselves, that is, say, “By them all, you will be guided.” [8] . This narration has what supports it in the legacy of the most honorable Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family). ) which is frequent and agreed upon, especially his saying (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family): “The caliphs after me are twelve caliphs, and in another narration there are twelve imams, all of them from Quraysh” [9] .
There is no doubt that the guardianship of the Commander of the Faithful and the People of the House (peace be upon them) is peace and security in this world and the hereafter, and this is what Imam al-Baqir confirmed in the Almighty’s saying, “ O you who have believed, enter into peace, all together. ” He (peace be upon them) said: “Peace is the guardianship of the Commander of the Faithful and the guardianship of Ahl Al-Bayt (peace be upon them), so look with consideration and consideration at the words of the Mighty Al-Ghaffar, which he singled out for Ali, and made his guardianship the peace by which whoever enters it is safe in this world and the hereafter, and whoever does not enter it is a warrior against God and His Messenger, not safe in this world and the hereafter, and he is one of Companions of the Fire” [10] .
In a question to Jabir, he asked Imam Al-Baqir why was Imam Ali bin Abi Talib called the Commander of the Faithful? Imam Al-Baqir said: “Allah I named it, and this is how it was revealed in His Book [ And when your Lord took from the children of Adam from their backs their offspring and made them bear witness against themselves. Am I not your Lord?” They said, “Yes, he bore witness.” lest you say on the Day of Resurrection, “Indeed, we were heedless of this, ” “ And that Muhammad is my messenger, and that Ali is the Commander of the Faithful” [ 11] He is the guardian of the most honorable Prophet Muhammad and his successor. He advised him in all his affairs while he was alive, and this is what Abu Al-Tufayl narrated, on the authority of Anas bin Malik, who said: “I was the servant of the Messenger of God, and while I was serving him, he said: ‘Come in. He is the Commander of the Faithful and the Master of the Muslims.’ “And he is the best of guardians, the most worthy of people among the prophets, and the leader of the beautiful beauties.” So I said: Oh God, make him a man of the Ansar. He said: Then Ali entered, and the face of the Messenger of God sweated profusely, so he started wiping the sweat of his face against Ali’s face, and he said: “O Messenger of God, what should I do?” In something? He said: You are from me, you absolve me of my responsibility, and convey my message. He said: O Messenger of God, did you not convey the message? He said: Yes, but you will teach people after me the interpretation of the Qur’an what they did not know and you will inform them. [12] And how? There will be no guardian while the two of them are in one abode in Paradise. This is what Imam al-Baqir confirmed on the authority of the Messenger of God in interpreting the Almighty’s saying: “ Those who believe and do righteous deeds - blessed will be theirs and a good home. ” He (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “A tree in Paradise whose root is in my abode and whose branches are on People of Paradise.” He was told: O Messenger of God, did we ask you about it? So you said, “A tree in Paradise with its roots in my house and its branches over the people of Paradise.” Then we asked you about it? I said: “A tree in Paradise, its root is in Ali’s home and its branches are over the people of Paradise.” He (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “My home and Ali’s home tomorrow will be one in the same place” [13] .
In another place, Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said on the authority of his father who said: “Imam Ali (peace be upon him) had ten qualities from the Messenger of God: none of them pleased me with what the sun rose or set.” Some of his companions said to him: Explain it for us, O. Ali said (peace be upon him): I heard the Messenger of God saying: O Ali, you are the guardian, you are the vizier, you are the caliph in family and wealth, your guardian is my guardian, your enemy is my enemy, you are the master of the Muslims after me and you are my brother, you are the closest of creatures to me in position, and you are my standard bearer in This world and the hereafter” [14] .
God (the Almighty) honored Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) and gave him a status that none of his servants can reach. Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir explained the greatness of the imamate in many hadiths, including his saying (peace be upon him) to Jabir Al-Jaafi, that God took Abraham as a slave. Before he took him as a prophet, and he took him as a prophet, before he took him as a messenger, and he took him as a messenger, before he took him as a friend, and he took him as a friend, before he took him as an imam, and when he gathered these things for him and held his hand, he said to him, “ When his Lord tested Abraham with words, and he fulfilled them, he said, ‘Indeed, I will make you for the people An imam who said, “From my descendants,” who said, “He will not reach my covenant.” The wrongdoers ( .
We conclude from this narration that the imam has the highest status with God and only those whom God (the Almighty) has designated can reach it, such as God’s friend, the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him), whom God has bestowed upon him, and who made the imamate one of the blessed complements of his essence.
Highlights on some of the commandments of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him)
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) is the fifth of the pure Imams from the infallible Ahl al-Bayt whose succession after him was stipulated by the Noble Prophet (may God bless him and his family). Many scholars studied in his school, and the scholars saw him as a rich sea, an unrivaled imam in science and knowledge, and an exceptional professor in all the sciences that the people of his time knew and which they did not know at the time .
Accordingly, among the things that Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) fulfilled in the social field were his commandments that he presented to various classes of people, including, but not limited to, such as “one of his sons, one of the sultans, or a person from the public.” The Imam (peace be upon him) carried out Peace be upon him) carried out this mission out of his desire to create a normal, upright, non-deviant society governed by high values and ideals. The following are some of these commandments:
His will to his son, Imam Jaafar bin Muhammad Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him)
He (peace be upon him) said: “O my son, God Almighty has hidden three things in three things: He has hidden His satisfaction in obedience to Him, so do not despise anything in obedience, for perhaps His satisfaction is in it, and He has hidden His displeasure in disobedience to Him, so do not despise anything in disobedience, for perhaps His displeasure is in it, and He has hidden His friends.” In His creation, do not despise anyone, for perhaps he is the guardian” ( [1] ).
Second: His will to Omar bin Abdul Aziz
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) came to Omar bin Abdul Aziz and said to him: “O Abu Jaafar, advise me.” He said: “I advise you to fear God and to take the youngest of the Muslims as a son, the middle of them as a brother, and the eldest of them as a father, so have mercy on your son, be kind to your brother, and be kind to your father. "You did a favor to God."
Omar bin Abdul Aziz was amazed by this comprehensive wisdom and began to express his admiration for it, saying: “May God have mercy on you for us, and by God, as soon as we accepted it, and God killed us for it, goodness was established for us, God willing” [2] .
Third: His will (peace be upon him) to a man from among the common Muslims
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said to a man whom he advised: “I advise you to fear God and beware of joking, for it takes away a man’s prestige and his face, and you must pray for your brothers in the back of the unseen, for it makes sustenance easy” [3] .
Fourth: His will to Jabir bin Yazid Al-Jaafi
It was narrated on the authority of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him) that he said: “O Jabir, take advantage of five things from the people of your time: If you are present, you will not be known, and if you are absent, you will not be missed, and if you testify, you will not be consulted, and if you speak, your words will not be accepted, and if you propose, you will not be married, and I advise you to five: If you are wronged, do not be wronged. If they betray you, do not betray. If you lie, do not be angry. If you praise, do not rejoice. If you criticize, do not be alarmed. Think about what was said about you. If you know from yourself what was said about you, then your falling from the eyes of God Almighty when you become angry with the truth is a greater calamity for you than I feared that you would fall from the eyes of the people, and if you disagreed with what was said about you, then you gained reward without making your body tired, and know that you will not be our guardian, even if the people of your Egypt gathered against you and said that you are a bad man, that would not make you sad, and if they said that you are a good man, it would not make you sad. That will please you, but expose yourself to the Book of God. If you are following His path, abstaining from it, desiring to encourage it, fearing its intimidation, then stand firm and give good news, for what is said about you will not harm you, and if you are different from the Qur’an, then what is it that tempts you from yourself? The believer is concerned with struggling with himself. To overcome her desires. Sometimes he fulfills her desires and contradicts her desires in loving God, and sometimes his soul strikes him and he follows its desires, so God revives him and he is refreshed, and God removes his stumbling, so he remembers and panics to repentance and fear, and he increases insight and knowledge of the fear that has been increased in him. This is because God says: “Indeed, those who feared, when a swarm touches them, They were reminded of Satan, and then they were able to see . ([4])
O Jabir, seek out for yourself a great deal of God’s provision, sincerely seeking gratitude, and seek independence from yourself, abounding in obedience, out of contempt for oneself and open to pardon, and defend yourself from present evil with present knowledge, and use present knowledge with sincere work, and in sincere work guard against great heedlessness with the utmost vigilance, and bring forth intensity. Be alert to the sincerity of fear, beware of hidden adornment in the present life, avoid the risk of passion through the evidence of reason, stop when passion prevails with the guidance of knowledge, anticipate sincere deeds for the Day of Recompense, step down to the arena of contentment by avoiding greed, repel great greed by cherishing contentment, bring the sweetness of asceticism by shortening hope, and cut off the causes of greed. With the cold of despair, block the path of wonder with self-knowledge, get rid of the comfort of the soul with the soundness of delegation, seek peace of the body to calm the heart, get rid of the coldness of the heart with a lack of error, expose the softness of the heart by abundant remembrance in private, bring the light of the heart with constant sadness, and protect yourself from Satan with sincere fear and beware of hope. A liar, for it causes you to fall into sincere fear. Beautify God Almighty with honesty in your deeds and endear yourself to Him by hastening your transition. Beware of extravagance, for it is a sea in which the perisher drowns. Beware of heedlessness, for in it there will be hardness of heart. Beware of giving up on what you have no excuse for, to Him the remorseful take refuge. Recall past sins with the intensity of remorse. Ask for forgiveness often, be open to God’s mercy and pardon with good reconciliation, seek good redress with sincere supplication and monologue in the face of injustice, achieve great gratitude by plentiful provision and independence with great obedience, seek to increase blessings with great gratitude, seek great gratitude with fear of the disappearance of blessings, and seek the continuation of glory by killing greed. Repel the humiliation of greed with the strength of despair, bring the glory of despair with the distance of determination, and provide yourself with the shortness of hope from this world, and hasten to seize the goal when the opportunity is possible, but there is no possibility like empty days with healthy bodies, and beware of trusting in the unsafe, for evil is as ferocious as food.
And know that there is no knowledge like seeking safety, no peace like the soundness of the heart, no mind like opposing one’s desires, no fear like a barrier of fear, no hope like a certain hope, no poverty like the poverty of the heart, no wealth like the richness of the soul, no strength like the dominance of desires, no light like the light of certainty, and no certainty like your contempt for this world. There is no knowledge like knowing yourself, there is no blessing like well-being, there is no well-being like helping success, there is no honor like the distance of determination, there is no asceticism like the shortness of hope, there is no eagerness like competing in ranks, there is no justice like fairness, there is no transgression like injustice, there is no injustice like agreeing to one’s desires, there is no obedience like performing the obligations, and there is no Fear is like sadness, and there is no sin like lack of reason, and there is no lack of reason like lack of certainty, and there is no lack of certainty like losing fear, and there is no loss of fear like lack of sadness over losing fear, and there is no sin like belittling sin and being satisfied with the state you are in, and there is no virtue like jihad, and no jihad is like struggling against desires, and there is no strength. Such as the response of anger, and there is no disobedience like the love of survival, and there is no humiliation like greed, and beware of negligence when possible, for it is an arena in which people will suffer loss [5] .
We conclude from the will of the Imam (peace be upon him) to Jabir bin Yazid al-Ja’fi that it called for tolerance among people, spreading love, humility in dealings, and patience in the face of adversity. It stressed the necessity of honesty and commitment to it, the necessity of a person knowing himself, seriousness in struggling with the self, steadfastness in faith, asceticism in this world, and staying away from greed. .
On the other hand, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir’s move towards building the righteous community was with the aim of changing Islamic society according to the thesis of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them); Because the existence of such a cohesive movement provides a number of gains, benefits and goals that the Imam ( peace be upon him) was seeking to achieve in his missionary movement.
Highlights on some of the commandments of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (peace be upon him)
It can be said that the greatness of any country is closely linked to the economic life of that country and its ability to spend. More precisely, that is, its spending depends on the strength of its currency. Accordingly, historical texts confirm that the Islamic state in the era of Imam Muhammad bin Ali al-Baqir (peace be upon him) was dealing in foreign currencies. Including, but not limited to, Persian and Roman, and by doing so it gives us the impression of economic dependency on these countries, which weakens the role of the Arab Islamic state due to its lack of independence from the economies of those countries. From this standpoint, Imam Muhammad bin Ali al-Baqir (peace be upon him) was a source of pride, a rare genius, and a true pillar of the Islamic community at that time. He had a great impact in developing solutions to the economic crisis and liberating the economy of the Islamic State from foreign dependency, as he advised the ruling authority to Arabize Islamic criticism and dismantle dealing with it. In foreign currencies, this adds more prestige, power and economic stability to the state. In light of this, the historian Kamal al-Din Muhammad bin Musa al-Dumayri confirms in his book “The Great Life of the Animal” that Abu al-Hasan al-Kisa’i entered upon Harun al-Abbasi one day while he was in his iwan and had a lot of money in his hands... so he ordered it to be dispersed in the service of the elite, and he had a dirham in his hand, the writing of which was waving as he contemplated it, so he said “Did you know who was the first to write this writing in gold and silver?” I said: “My master is Abdul Malik bin Marwan.” He said: “What was the reason for that?” I said: “I do not know, except that he was the first to create this writing.” He said: “I will tell you”: The letters were for the Romans, and most of the people in Egypt were Christians following the religion of the Roman king. They were embroidered in the Roman style, and their style was “father, son, and spirit.” This was still the case at the beginning of Islam. It all went on as it was until Abd al-Malik bin Marwan noticed it, and he was intelligent. One day, while he was sitting, Qartas passed by him and looked at his style, so he ordered it to be translated into Arabic. He did so, but he denied it, and said: “How harsh this is in the matter of religion and Islam, for it to be a style.” The cards are carried in utensils and clothes, and they work in Egypt and other things that are embroidered, such as curtains and other works of this country, despite its vastness and abundance of money, and the country produces these cards from it, circulating throughout the horizons and countries, and they have been embroidered with lines fixed on them. So he ordered the letter to Abdul Aziz bin Marwan. He used to work with him in Egypt to dismantle that style with which he used to embroider, such as clothes, clothing, curtains, and other things, and to order the makers of the karatis to embroider them with the image of monotheism (God bears witness that there is no god but Him). This is the style of the karatis in particular up to this time. It has not diminished, increased, or changed. He wrote to all the workers of the horizons to invalidate the cards in their works embroidered in the Roman style and to punish anyone who had any of them after this prohibition with severe beatings and long imprisonment. When the cards were proven to be in the style introduced by monotheism, and it was carried to the lands of the Romans and from there, the news of it spread and reached their kingdom. He translated that style and rejected it. He was harsh on him and became very angry, so he wrote to Abd al-Malik that the work of the Qaratis in Egypt and everything else that was embroidered there belonged to the Romans, and he continued to embroider in the Roman style until I invalidated it. If the caliphs who preceded you were correct, then you were wrong, and if you were correct, then they were wrong. So choose which of these two cases. I wanted and loved it, and I sent you a gift similar to your shop, and I wanted you to return that model to what it was in all the types of closures that were embroidered, something I thank you for, and you ordered the receipt of the gift, and it was of great value. When Abdul Malik read his letter, the messenger responded and informed him that he had no answer. He returned the gift and went with it to his friend. When he received it, he weakened the gift and returned the messenger to Abd al-Malik. He said, “I thought you had taken the gift away, but you did not accept it and did not respond to my letter.” So I weakened the gift, and I wish for you the same thing I desired, of restoring the style to what it was in the beginning. So he read. Abdul Malik did not respond to the letter and did not return the gift, so the king of Romans wrote to him demanding answers to his letters and saying that you took my answer and my gift lightly and did not help me with my need, so your illusion was that you took the gift lightly and weakened it, so you followed your first path, and you weakened it a third time, and I swear by Christ that you will command the restoration of the style to what it was or I will command. By engraving dinars and dirhams, for you know that none of them are engraved except what is engraved in my country, and dirhams and dinars were not engraved in Islam so that cursing of your Prophet could be engraved on them, so if you read it, sweat will flow from your brow, so I would like you to accept my gift and return the style to what it was, and doing so will be a gift. You want me to have her and we will remain as is between you and me. When Abdul Malik read the book, things became difficult for him. In more frank and clear words, transactions were taking place among the people in Roman dinars and dirhams, so he gathered the people of Islam and consulted with them, but he did not find that any of them had an opinion to follow, so Ruh bin Zinba’ said to him: “You know the way out of this matter, but you are deliberately leaving it.” Then he said: Woe to you, He said: “You should treat Al-Baqir from the family of the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family).” He said: “You are right, but he hesitated about his opinion about him, so he wrote to his governor in Medina, requesting that Muhammad bin Ali bin Al-Hussein be honored and rewarded with one hundred thousand dirhams for his equipment and three hundred thousand dirhams for his expenses, and I would rest easy.” He had to carry someone from his companions in his armor who would go out with him, and the Messenger was imprisoned before him until Muhammad ibn Ali arrived. When he met him, he told him the news, and Imam Muhammad ibn Ali (peace be upon him) said to him: “Do not consider this too great for you, for it is due to two reasons, one of which is that God Almighty did not He could not have said what the Roman ruler threatened the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family), and the other thing is that there was a trick in it. He said: “And what is it?” He said: Call for craftsmen at this hour, and they will strike before you plowshares of dirhams and dinars and make the inscription on them a picture of monotheism, and the Messenger of God mentioned (May God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) One of them is in the form of dirhams and dinars, and the other is in the other form, and you place in the context of dirhams and dinars a mention of the country in which it is minted and the year in which those dirhams and dinars are minted, and you proceed to weigh thirty dirhams as a number of the three types, of which ten are the weight of ten mithqals. And ten of them are the weight of six mithqals, and ten of them are the weight of five mithqals, so their combined weights are twenty-one mithqals, so you divide them from the thirty, so the number of all becomes the weight of seven mithqals. Seven mithqal. The narrations indicate that the dirhams at that time were the kasrwiyya which are called today the mughliyya, so Abd al-Malik did that and Imam Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Hussein (peace be upon them) ordered him to register coins in all Islamic countries and to approach the people in dealing with them and to punish those who deal in an unjust manner. This coin of dirhams, dinars, and other things, and that it be invalidated and returned to the workplace until it is returned to the Islamic coins, so Abd al-Malik did that, and the Messenger of the Roman king responded to him with this, saying: “God Almighty is preventing you from what you wanted to do, and you have come forward to my workers in the countries.” The country is in such and such condition by abolishing the Roman railways and roads.” Then the Roman king was told: “Do what you threatened the Arab king with,” and he said: “I only wanted to anger him with what I wrote to him, because I was able to do so, and the money and other things were due by the Romans, but now I will not do it because that is not “The people of Islam deal with it,” and the one who said it declined, and what Imam Muhammad bin Ali bin Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) indicated has been proven to this day. Then Al-Rashid threw the dirham to some servants. We conclude from this that despite the injustice, persecution, murder and abuse that the Imams of the People of the House (peace be upon them) suffered at the hands of the Umayyads, we find that they do not hesitate in times of adversity to step up and offer advice, guidance and guidance to these rulers for what is in the best interest of the Islamic nation, and this, if this indicates anything, is merely It indicates the keenness of the Imams (peace be upon them) for Islam and working to strengthen its pillars. By doing this, Imam Muhammad bin Ali al-Baqir (peace be upon him) was able to provide a great service to the Islamic nation, as he contributed to strengthening the country’s economy, which helps in the well-being of society and also helps in the freedom to make decisions. Including political.
Was Imam Al-Baqir present in the incident of Al-Taf... and what was the validity of the Prophet’s greetings to him before his birth?!!
Historians disagreed about the presence of Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, in the At-Taf incident. Some of them deny his presence, some of them say that he was a young man, and others say that he was young.
However, his speech, peace be upon him, in which he said, “My grandfather, Imam Hussein, was killed four years ago, and I remember his killing, and what befell us at that time,” proves that he was present and a witness to the painful incident of Al-Taf and the events that took place against his grandfather, Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, and his family and companions, in addition to He endured the suffering of captivity, accompanying his family on the path of captivity from Kufa to the Levant, and standing in Yazid’s council.
A number of hadiths were reported from the greatest Messenger Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, in which Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, was mentioned, until it came from him, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family (If Al-Hussein departs from this world, then the one in charge after him will be his son, who is the proof and the Imam, and God will bring forth from Ali’s loins a son whose name will be My name, his knowledge is my knowledge, and his wisdom is my wisdom, and he is the most similar of people to me and he is the Imam and the proof after his father.
As for conveying peace to him from his grandfather, the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, before his birth, historians unanimously agree that the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) conveyed his greetings to the companion Jabir bin Abdullah Al-Ansari to his grandson, Imam Al-Baqir, and Jabir was impatiently awaiting his birth in order to deliver a message to him. His grandfather. When the Imam was born and became a young boy, Jabir met him and gave him the greetings of the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family). Historians have narrated this in many ways, including what was narrated by Ibn Asakir that Imam Zayn al-Abidin (peace be upon him) and his son al-Baqir entered upon Jabir bin Abdullah. Al-Ansari, and Jabir said to him: Who is with you, son of the Messenger of God? He said: I have my son Muhammad with me, so Jabir took him and hugged him to him and cried, then said: Come for me, O Muhammad! The Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) greets you. He was asked: What is that? He said: I heard the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) saying: To Al-Hussein bin Ali, a son will be born to this son of mine, who will be called Ali bin Al-Hussein, and he is the master of worshipers. On the Day of Resurrection, a herald will call for the master of worshipers to arise, and Ali bin Al-Hussein will rise, and a son will be born to Ali bin Al-Hussein, who will be called. “Muhammad, if you see him, O Jabir, then read my greetings to him. O Jabir, know that the Mahdi is from his descendants, and know, O Jabir, that your survival after him is short.”
As Taj al-Din bin Muhammad, the captain of Aleppo, narrated with his chain of transmission on the authority of Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) who said: (I entered upon Jabir bin Abdullah and greeted him. He said to me, “Who are you?” That was after he lost his sight. I said to him: Muhammad bin Ali bin al-Hussein, and he said: May my father and mother be sacrificed for you. He came closer to me, so I approached him. He kissed my hand, then leaned towards my feet, so I pulled them away from him. Then he said: The Messenger of God extends his greetings to you. So I said: May the peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon the Messenger of God. How is that, Jabir? He said: I was With him one day, he said to me: O Jabir, perhaps you will stay until you meet a man from my descendants called Muhammad bin Ali bin Al-Hussein. May God grant him light and wisdom, so send him my greetings...).