Who is Imam Ali (pbuh)?
Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said to Muhammad bin Muslim Al-Thaqafi: Go to the grave of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), stand opposite him, and visit him with this visit... until he says in it: Peace be upon the name of God... but what name?
Peace be upon the pleased name of God.
Peace be upon the face of God moving forward.
Peace be upon the strong side of God.
Peace be upon God’s straight path.
Until he says: Peace be upon the enlightening light of God, and His shining light.
When one preforms the ziyarah of my grandfather Imam Ali (a) with ma'rifah (deep understanding), Allah will record for him/her the reward of an accepted Hajj and Umrah for each step he/she takes.
Imam Sadiq (a):
Behind Kufah (Najaf) is the first place where Allah was worshipped. When Allah commanded the angels to perform sajdah to Prophet Adam (a), the angels prostrated behind Kufah.
Imam Ali (a):
There will be no believer left in the west or the east, except that his soul will be taken to Wadi as-Salam.
Imam Sadiq (a):
Introduction
In the name of God, the most gracious, the most merciful
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may God’s blessings be upon the most honorable of all creation, Abu Al-Qasim Muhammad and his good and pure family, and perpetual curse be upon their enemies until the Day of Judgment. The world has not known a man who combined virtues and noble morals - after the Greatest Messenger (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) - like the Imam, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). He preceded the first ones, and was more incapable than the others. His virtues (peace be upon him) are too numerous to count, and his virtues are beyond infinite. His morals (peace be upon him) were a beacon of the light of the creation of the Noble Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), who was raised in his room and lived at the table of his noble morals, until he grew up and his manhood was complete, as he used to guide him with great sermons and morals, so his morals grew lofty, and his characters became high. He was elevated, and his virtues, morals, and honors remained alive and shining in his soul until he left this world (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family).
The hadith about Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) is long. Volumes cannot contain it, nor numbers can enumerate it. However, what cannot be comprehended in its entirety does not neglect its glory. It is sufficient for us to point out here some of his characteristics and morals, so that they may be a beacon that illuminates for us the path of closeness to God Almighty and the ascension to Him. We live the life of Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) and die his death.
The difference between light and light is like the difference between the light of the sun and the moon. The sun is luminous and the moon is luminous, because it reflects its light in a small proportion, and the luminous sun here is the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, and its light is evident to Ali (peace be upon him)! But what does Al-Anwar mean? What is the meaning of Al-Azhar?
Here the angels have the right to marvel at the stations of Ali (peace be upon him), and they were amazed! That is Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), who, when he heard someone under his pulpit saying that I have been wronged, has the right to say to him: You were wronged once, but I was wronged as many as the stones and pebbles!!
Imam Ali peace be upon him the Sublime
The most famous of them is Abu Al-Hassan , and he was also called Abu Al-Hussein and Abu Al-Sibtain. He (peace be upon him) is also called the father of the two basils , and they are Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein (peace be upon them), as the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said to him in what he recommended to him before his death: (Peace be upon you, Abu Al-Rihantain, I entrust you with my two basils from this world..). We also called him Abu Turab, when he saw him prostrating with his face in the dirt, and one day he said to him: (Sit down, Abu Turab..) The narrator said: By God, there was no name more beloved to Ali (peace be upon him) than him.
His honorable titles (peace be upon him):
They are many...as are his many virtues, and they are lofty...as are his lofty positions, including: Haidar, Haidara : He is famous. He (peace be upon him) mentioned him in his duel: (I am the one whom my mother called me Haidara...), and this title had prestige and awe in the hearts. Al-Murtada : In the Holy Hadith: (I was pleased with Fatima for Ali, and Ali for her, for he is the one whose actions and words are pleasing to God, and he is Ali, the one who is pleased with God Almighty). Chapter on the City of Knowledge : His beloved Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said about it: (I am the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate, so whoever wants knowledge should come to the city from its gate...).
Commander of the Faithful : The Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) nicknamed him, saying: (Greet Ali with the command of the believers), so he (peace be upon him) was singled out for it, and he was alone with this title, so no one else shares it with him, even the Imams of Guidance (peace be upon them). Those without them have priority. The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) called him: ( Master of the Muslims, Imam of the God-fearing, Commander of the beautiful strangers, Master of the Arabs, Master of the guardians, and the dragonfly of the believers. His other known titles: The guardian of God, the beloved of God, the servant of God, the lion of God, the sword of God, the guardian of the Messenger of God, the successor of the Messenger of God, the brother of the Messenger of God, his guardian, and his minister, the boy of Quraysh, Dhul-Qarnayn, the divider of Paradise and Hell, the greatest friend, the distinguisher who differentiates between truth and falsehood, and a dragonfly. Religion in established and authentic narrations agreed upon by hadith scholars and historians of all walks of life and sect.
The birth of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)
On the authority of Abu Abdullah Jaafar bin Muhammad (peace be upon them), on the authority of his fathers (peace be upon them), he said: Al-Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib and Yazid bin Qa’nab were sitting between the group of Bani Hashim and the group of Abdul Uzza in front of the Sacred House of God, when Fatima bint Asad bin Hashem, the mother of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), and she was pregnant with the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) for nine months, and it was the day of completion.
He said: So she stood in front of the Sacred House, and the divorce took her, so she threw her limbs towards the sky and said: O Lord, I believe in you, and in what It was brought from you by the Messenger, and by every prophet of your prophets, and by every book that you revealed, and I believe in the words of my grandfather Abraham Al-Khalil, and that he built your ancient house, so I ask you by the right of this house and who built it, and by this newborn that is in my womb who speaks to me and comforts me with his speech, and I am certain that it is one of your signs and evidence.
When my birth was easy for me. Al-Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib and Yazid bin Qa'nab said: When Fatima bint Asad spoke and prayed this supplication, we saw the house opened at the back, and Fatima entered it and disappeared from our sight. Then the opening came back and closed with the permission of God (the Almighty), so we decided to open the door so that some people could reach her. Our women, but the door did not open, so we knew that this was a command from God Almighty, and Fatima remained in the house for three days. He said: The people of Mecca talk about this in their mouths, and talk in their rooms.
He said: When it was three days later, the house opened from the place where she had entered, and Fatima and Ali (peace be upon him) came out on her hands, then she said: People, God Almighty has chosen me from His creation, and has preferred me over the chosen ones from those who came before me, and He has God chose Asiyah bint Muzahim, because she worshiped God secretly in a place where he did not like to worship God except under necessity, and Maryam bint Imran, because God chose her and facilitated the birth of Jesus for her, so she shook the withered trunk of the palm tree in a desert of the earth until it rained down on her fresh, and indeed, God ( God Almighty) chose me and favored me over them, and over all the women of the worlds who came before me, because I was born in His ancient house, and I remained there for three days eating from the fruits and leaves of Paradise.
When I wanted to go out with my son in my hands, a phone called out to me and said: O Fatima, name him Ali, for I am The Most High, the Most High, and I created him from My power, the glory of My majesty, and the justice of My justice, and I derived his name from my name, and I disciplined him with my manners, and I delegated my command to him, and I entrusted him with the mysteries of my knowledge, and he was born in my house, and he is the first to call the call to prayer above my house, and to break the idols and throw them on their faces, and to venerate me and glorify me. He praises me. He is the Imam after my beloved and my prophet and the best of my creation. Muhammad is my messenger and his guardian. So blessed are those who love him and support him, and woe to those who disobey him, abandon him, and deny his rights.
He said: When Abu Talib saw him, he was pleased and Ali (peace be upon him) said: Peace be upon you, father, and God’s mercy and blessings.
He said: Then the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) entered. When he entered, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) shook at him and laughed in his face, and said: Peace be upon you, O Messenger of God, and God’s mercy and blessings. He said: Then he cleared his throat, God Almighty willing, and said: ( In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful (Indeed, the believers have succeeded* those who are humble in their prayers) ), until the end of the verses. Then the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: They have succeeded with you, and he recited the entire verses up to his saying: ( Those are the heirs* who will inherit Paradise. They will abide therein forever ), so the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family and grant them peace) said: You and God are their commander, you will rule them. They will learn from your knowledge, and you, by God, are their guide and by you they will be guided.
Then the Messenger of God may God bless him and his family and grant them peace said to Fatima: Go to his uncle Hamza and give him good news about him.
She said: If I leave, who will narrate it? He said: I narrate it. Fatima said: Are you narrating it? He said: Yes, so the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) put his tongue in his mouth, and twelve eyes gushed from it. He said: So that day was called the Day of Tarwiyah, and when Fatima bint Asad returned, she saw a light that had risen from Ali (peace be upon him) to Anan. Heaven.. The birth was on Friday, the thirteenth of God’s holy month, Rajab, thirty years after the Year of the Elephant, that is: thirty years after the birth of the Greatest Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family.
The birth of the Prince peace be upon him in the Kaaba
The birth of Ali (peace be upon him) in the belly of the Noble Kaaba is a veiled matter that has not been proven to anyone before or after.. This is something that has been stated by Sunni scholars. Before the Shiites, and this is a very small sample of the words of Sunni scholars who declared his birth (peace be upon him) in the Holy Kaaba and this matter is one of his specialties and virtues (peace be upon him), and no one shares it with him:
1 - Al-Fakihi (died 275 AH) said in his book (Akhbar Mecca): (The first of the Bani Hashim immigrants to be born in the Kaaba was Ali bin Abi Talib) [A News of Mecca 3: 226].
2- Al-Qaffal al-Shashi al-Shafi’i (died 365 AH) stated in his book (The Virtues of the Commander of the Faithful) that he said: (No one was born in the Kaaba except Ali). [See Al-Jalali: Walid Al-Kaaba: 186].
3 - Al-Hakim Al-Naysaburi (who died in 405 AH), stated in Al-Mustadrak on the Two Sahih Books: (News has circulated that Fatima bint Asad gave birth to the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him). Li bin Abi Talib, may God honor his face inside the Kaaba. [Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn 3: 550].
4 - The scholar Al-Busti Al-Mu’tazili (who died in 420 AH), mentioned in his book (Al-Maratib): (Then he has an advantage and a characteristic in the mosque that no one shares with him And he was born in the Kaaba.) [Kitab al-Maratib: 60].
5 - Ibn al-Maghazili al-Maliki (died 483 AH) stated that he (peace be upon him) was born in the Kaaba, and mentioned the entire story of the birth. [See his book: Al-Manaqib, p. 58].
6 - Ibn Shuja’ al-Mawsili al-Shami (died 646 AH), said in his book (The Living Bliss): (He was born in the Holy Kaaba, and no one else was born there in a single shot dha). [The Eternal Bliss: 129].
7- The son of Ibn al-Jawzi al-Hanafi (who died in 654 AH) mentioned, in Tadhkirat al-Khawas, p. 10, that his birth (peace be upon him) was inside the Kaaba.
8 - The scholar Al-Juwayni Al-Shafi’i (died 730 AH) stated in (Fara’id Al-Samatin) that: (No one was born in the Kaaba except Ali). [Fara’id al-Samatain 2: 425].
9- Al-Dhahabi’s (died 848 AH) confirmation of what Al-Hakim Al-Naysaburi reported to him regarding the frequency of news about the birth of the Commander of the Faithful Ali (peace be upon him) in the inside of the Ka’b .. See: Summary of Al-Mustadrak 3: 550.
10 - Al-Diyar Al-Bakri (died 982 AH), stated in his history known as (Tarikh Al-Khamis): (In the thirtieth year of his birth (may God bless him and grant him peace), Ali bin Abi Talib was born In the Kaaba). [Tarikh al-Khamis 1: 279].
11- Ali Al-Qari Al-Hanafi (who died in 1014 AH), said after mentioning the claim of the birth of Hakim ibn Hazzam: (No one is known to have been born in the Kaaba except him - that is, someone else Ra Ali - on the months). [Sharh al-Shifa 1: 150].
12 - Burhan al-Din al-Halabi al-Shafi’i (died 1044 AH), stated in his biography known as (Al-Sirah al-Halabiyya) in Mawridin that Ali (peace be upon him) was born in the Kaaba . [See: Al-Sirah Al-Halabiyya 1: 154, 3: 405].
13- Wali Allah Al-Dahlawi Al-Hanafi (who died in 1176 AH) stated in his book (Removing the Hidden), saying: (There have been reports that Fatima bint Asad gave birth to A The leader of the believers was Ali in the interior of the Kaaba... and no one was born there except him before him or after him). [Removing Al-Khifa 2: 2512].
14- What was stated by Allama Al-Alusi, when explaining the statement of the Hanafi poet: Abd al-Baqi al-Amri:
And You are the Most High, the One who is above the highest. They were raised in the belly of Mecca, at the House, when they were placed.
Al-Alusi said: (And the fact that the prince, may God honor his face, was born in the house, is a famous matter in the world, and he was mentioned in the books of both the Sunni and Shiite groups... and he did not desire it See the status of others, may God honor his face, just as his status is well known. Indeed, the word has not agreed upon it, and what is more appropriate is the Imam of the Imams. That it should be placed in a Qibla for the believers, and Glory be to Him who places things in their places and He is the Most Wise of judges.) [Sharh Al-Kharida fi Sharh Al-Qasida Al-Ayna: 15].
15- It was narrated by Ibn al-Fattall in “Rawdat al-Wa’izin” and in “Kashf al-Yaqin” by Allama al-Hilli, and “Kashf al-Haqq” on the authority of “Bishara al-Mustafa” and in “Al-Irshad” by Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Dailami on the authority of al-Bishara as well [Irshad al-Qulub: 211]
16- A brief summary of it was narrated by Muhammad Salih al-Tirmidhi in his Manaqib [Manaqib Murtazavi: 87, ed. Bombay, 1321 AH]
17- It was narrated with some changes by Sheikh Al-Saduq, d. 381 AH, in “Al-Amali”, “Ilal Al-Shara’i’” and “Ma’ani Al-Akhbar” [Al-Amali 9:114, Ilal Al-Shar’i’ 3:1 and 135, and Ma’ani Al-Akhbar 10:62].
The scholar Al-Amini, in his valuable book Al-Ghadir, reviewed the Sunni and Shiite opinions and sources that mentioned the birth of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) in the interior of the Kaaba, and also mentioned the poets who mentioned the incident in their poems. Among these Sunni sources, in addition to the above:
18- Murooj al-Dhahab 2, p. 2, written by Abu al-Hasan al-Masoudi al-Hudhali.
19- Important Chapters, p. 14, written by Ibn al-Sabbagh al-Maliki.
20- Biography of the Prophet 1, p. 150, written by Nour al-Din Ali al-Hanbali al-Shafi’i.
21- Sharh Al-Shifa, vol. 1, p. 151, written by Sheikh Ali, the Hanafi reciter.
22- Matalib al-Su’ul, p. 11, written by Abu Salem Muhammad bin Talha al-Shafi’i.
23- Al-Awael Lecture, p. 120, written by Sheikh Alaa Al-Din Al-Saktawari.
24- Miftah al-Naja fi Manaqib Al-Aba, written by Mirza Muhammad al-Badakhshi.
25- Al-Manaqib, written by Prince Muhammad Saleh Al-Tirmidhi.
26- Nuzhat al-Majalis 2, p. 204, written by Abd al-Rahman al-Safwi al-Shafi’i.
27- Smells of the Mustafa, p. 10, written by Sadr al-Din Ahmad al-Bardawani.
28- The Book of Al-Hussein 1, p. 16, Sayyid Ali Jalal al-Din.
29- Nour Al-Absar 76, written by Mr. Muhammad Mu’min Al-Shiblangi.
30- Kifayat al-Talib, p. 37, written by Sheikh Habibullah al-Shanqeeti
The prophetic mission and the migration
The prophetic preparation of Imam Ali (peace be upon him): The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) frequently visited the house of his uncle Abu Talib, despite his marriage to Khadija and living with her in a separate house. He used to embrace Ali (peace be upon him) with his affections, surround him with his care, and carry him on his chest. And he moves his cradle when he sleeps to other manifestations of care and care.
One of the blessings of God Almighty upon Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) and the good that God did for him and intended for him was that the Quraysh were struck by a severe crisis, and Abu Talib had many children. So the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said to Abbas - and he was one of the easier ones. Bani Hashim: “O Abbas, your brother Abu Talib has many dependents, and you may see what this crisis has befallen the people, so go with us, and let us reduce the number of his dependents for him. I will take one from his house, and you will take one, and we will suffice them for him.” Al-Abbas said: Yes.
So they set off until they came to Abu Talib and said to him: We want to relieve you of your family so that what they are in will be revealed to the people. Abu Talib said to them: If you leave me Aqil, then do whatever you want. So the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) took Ali (peace be upon him) and embraced him. He was six years old at that time, and Al-Abbas took Ja’far, and Ali bin Abi Talib remained with the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) until God sent him as a prophet, so Ali (peace be upon him) followed him and believed in him and believed him. Ja’far did not stay with Al-Abbas until he converted to Islam and dispensed with him.
The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said after he chose Ali (peace be upon him): “I have chosen the one whom God has chosen for me, Ali, over you”[9].
Thus, it is time for Ali (peace be upon him) to live from his childhood in the care of Muhammad, the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family), where he grew up and grew up under the shadow of his lofty heavenly morals, and he drew from the springs of his affection and tenderness, and raised him (may God bless him and his family) according to what his Lord Almighty taught him. And he has not left him since that date.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) referred to the dimensions of the education he received from his teacher and educator, the Noble Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), its extent and the depth of its impact, in his sermon known as Al-Qasa’ah: “And you have learned my position from the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) by kinship.” He was close and of special status. He put me on his lap when I was a boy, holding me to his chest, enveloping me in his bed, touching me with his body, and smelling me with his mane[11]. He used to chew something and then feed it to me, and he did not find a lie in my word or a mistake in my action.
Until he said: “And I used to follow him in the footsteps of Al-Faseel in the footsteps of his mother. He raises knowledge for me every day of his morals and commands me to imitate him. And every year he used to go to Hira, so I could see him and no one else would see him, and he did not gather. There was only one house in Islam at that time other than the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and Khadija, and I was the third of them. I saw the light of revelation and the message, and smelled the scent of prophecy, and I heard the ring of Satan when the revelation came down to him (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), so I said: O Messenger of God, what This reindeer? He said: This devil is hopeless in worshiping him. You hear what I hear and see what I see, except that you are not a prophet, but you are a minister, and you are doing good.
The second stage: from the mission to the migration of Ali (peace be upon him), the first of the believers in the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family): The Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) was raised on lofty divine values, as stated in the Noble Qur’an in the Almighty’s saying: (And indeed, you are of great creation. (, so he was the different model of the man of the peninsula in his belief, thinking, behavior and morals. Since his childhood, he followed a line parallel to the values of the messages of the prophets, especially their sheikh Ibrahim Al-Khalil (peace be upon him), and the Messenger (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) was convinced that this line did not meet the values of The pre-Islamic society, from here (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) began to create the nucleus of the faithful family consisting of himself, Khadija, and Ali (peace be upon them).
He decided to pave the way of history, to open a path in the middle of the general trend, to resist with this family the prevailing deviation, and to create a roaring wave that would gradually turn into a sweeping current of paganism and ignorance from all corners of the earth. Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), who was raised in the Prophet’s lap. (May God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) never prostrated to an idol, nor did he associate anything with God even for the blink of an eye. When the revelation came to the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family), Ali (peace be upon him) was by his side, and he was the first to believe in his message (may God bless him and his family), as witnessed by most historical sources.
On the authority of Anas bin Malik, he said: The prophecy was revealed to the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) on Monday, and he prayed for me (peace be upon him) on Tuesday. It was also narrated on the authority of Salman Al-Farsi that he said: The first of this nation to receive flowers from its Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) was the Basin, and the first to embrace Islam was Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him).
On the authority of Al-Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, he heard Omar bin Al-Khattab saying: Stop mentioning Ali bin Abi Talib unless it is good, for I heard the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) saying: Ali has three qualities, and I wish I had one of them, each one of them dearer to me. From what the sun rose on, and that was me, Abu Bakr, Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah, and a group of the companions of the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) when the Prophet struck Ali bin Abi Talib on the shoulder and said: O Ali, you are the first of the Muslims to convert to Islam, and you are the first of the believers in faith. And you are to me what Aaron was to Moses. He who claims that he loves me while he hates you is lying.
Whereas historians agreed that the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) was the first people to convert to Islam; They differed regarding his age when he announced his conversion to Islam, and delving into determining the age of the Imam (peace be upon him) when he converted to Islam is of no use after we know that he did not disbelieve until he converted to Islam and did not commit polytheism until he believed. And he, may God’s peace be upon him, said: “I was born on the nature of nature,” and from here I agreed. The word of all the hadith scholars to respect and sanctify this virtue when they said to him when he mentioned him, “Ali, may God honor his face,” so Islam was in the depths of his heart after the stone of the message embraced him, the hand of prophecy nourished him, and he was refined by the great prophetic character.
Professor Al-Aqqad said while talking about Imam Ali (peace be upon him): He was born a Muslim, according to the truth, if we look at the birth of belief and the spirit, because he opened his eyes to Islam, and he had never known the worship of idols. He was raised in the house from which the Islamic call began, and he knew Worship is part of the prayer of the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and his pure wife before he knew her from the prayer of his father and mother.
Ali (peace be upon him) was the first to pray: Imam Ali (peace be upon him) lived with the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) all the changes in the life of the greatest Messenger. He saw in Muhammad the perfect example that satisfied his aspirations and geniuses, so he imitated him in his actions, observed him in his movements, and emulated him. And he obeys him in all his commands and prohibitions before the noble prophetic mission and until the last moment of the life of the Prophet (may God bless him and his family), just as historians unanimously agree that he never responded to the Messenger of God with a word.
The Imam (peace be upon him) declared that he was the first to pray after the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family), saying: “No one preceded me except the Messenger of God in prayer.” It was also narrated on the authority of Habba al-Arni that he said: One day I saw Ali (peace be upon him) laughing so hard that I had never seen him laugh harder than him until he expressed his disapproval, then he said: “O God, I do not know that any servant from this nation is your servant before me other than its Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family).”.
It was stated in the interpretation of the Almighty’s saying: (And kneel with those who bow) on the authority of Ibn Abbas: It was revealed about the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and Ali bin Abi Talib, and they were the first to pray and kneel.
As it was reported on the authority of Anas bin Malik: The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “The angels prayed for me and for Ali seven times, and that is because the testimony that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger was not raised to heaven except from me and from him.” The first congregational prayer in Islam: Before the beginning of his command, when the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) began, he would go out to the streets of Mecca in secret, and take Ali (peace be upon him) with him, and they would pray as long as God wished. When they had finished, they would return to their place, and they would remain praying in secret. Abu Talib and the rest of their cousins and their people. Then Abu Talib passed by them and said to the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family): What is this that I see you professing?
He (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “This is the religion of God and His angels, the religion of His messengers, and the religion of our father Abraham. God sent me with it as a prophet to His servants, and you, uncle, are more deserving of the one to whom I offered advice and called him to guidance, and more deserving of the one who answered me and helped me with it.”
Ali (peace be upon him) said: “O father, I believed in the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), and I followed him and prayed with him to God.”
He said to him: My son, if he only called you to goodness, then stick to him. There is another position by his uncle Al-Abbas, narrated by Afif Al-Kindi, where he said: I was a merchant, and I came for Hajj, so I came to Al-Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib to buy some merchandise from him. By God, I was with him in Mina when a man came out from a tent near him. He looked at the sun, and when he saw that it had set, he stood up and prayed. Then a woman came out of that tent from which that man came out. So she stood behind him and prayed, then a restless boy came out of that tent and stood with him and prayed, so I said to Abbas: What is this, Abbas? He said: This is Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib, my nephew. I said: Who is this woman? He said: His wife, Khadija bint Khuwaylid. I said: Who is this boy? He said: Ali bin Abi Talib, his cousin. I said: What is this doing? He said: He prays while claiming that he is a prophet, and no one follows him in his command except his wife and his cousin, this boy, and he claims that he will open to his nation the treasures of Chosroes and Caesar.
Yes, after the nucleus of the blessed Islamic nation was formed from the Messenger of God, Ali, and Khadija, and the news of the new religion began to spread among the ranks of the Quraishis, and those whom God had guided to faith began flocking to Islam, and the Muslim community began to strengthen and strengthen, and after several years it was transformed into a strong entity capable of Announcing Himself to the masses and confronting and challenging them for the sake of religion and belief... So God Almighty commanded His Noble Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) to announce what he was commanded. Before that, the Companions of the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) used to go to the mountainside and conceal themselves before that. When some of the Companions prayed in the crowd, a group of polytheists appeared on them, including Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Al-Akhnas ibn Shurayq, and others. They insulted them and insulted them until they fought them.
The verses that were revealed against the Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him)
The Commander of the Faithful, Ali (peace be upon him), singled out many verses that made clear his virtue, status, characteristics, noble morals, and the necessity of obeying him, and they are many. , Abdullah Ibn Abbas, expressed them by saying: What was revealed about none of the Book of God Almighty was revealed about Ali (peace be upon him). By his saying: There is not a verse in the Book of God, “O you who have believed,” except that Ali is its first, prince, and honorable person. God has blamed the companions of Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and has not mentioned Ali except with goodness. Narrated by Al-Tabarani and Ibn Abi Hatim on the authority of Ibn Abbas.
In view of the large number of verses revealed in it (peace be upon him), the ancient hadith scholars and commentators were interested in singling out the subject of what was revealed from the Qur’an about Ali (peace be upon him) by classification and authorship, such as Al-Jaloudi, Al-Tabarani, Abu Nu’aym, Muhammad bin Mumin Al-Shirazi, Al-Hasakani, Abu Al-Faraj Al-Isfahani, Al-Hibri, Al-Marzbani, Abu Ishaq Al-Thaqafi, Abu Jaafar Al-Qummi, and Al-Mujasha’i. And Abu Abdullah Al-Khorasani and others.
We mention the most important verses in brief:
1. Surah “Did He Come” was revealed about Ali, Fatima, Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein.
2. God Almighty says: (Indeed, your guardian is Allah and His Messenger and those who have believed - those who establish prayer and pay zakat while bowing) [Al-Ma’idah: 55]. The commentators have agreed, and the narrations have been exhausted from the paths of the Shiites and Sunnis, that the verse was revealed against Ali (peace be upon him). Peace).
3. God Almighty says: ( Say: I do not ask you for any reward except love for my kin) [Al-Shura: 23]. They are Ali, Fatima, Al-Hassan, Al-Hussein (peace be upon them), and the Imams from the progeny of Al-Hussein (peace be upon them).
4. God Almighty says: (By the star when it descends...) [An-Najm: 1]. Sunnis and Shiites narrated that the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “Whoever falls on that planet in his abode is my successor after me.” The star fell in the house of Ali (peace be upon him), and the hypocrites said: The Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) was deceived by the love of his cousin, and his saying this was only out of desire, so the Almighty’s saying was revealed: (And by the star, when it falls * your companion does not go astray, nor does he go astray * nor does he go astray.) He speaks from his own desire. * It is nothing but a revelation revealed.) [An-Najm: 1-4].
5. God Almighty says: (O Messenger, convey what has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not do it, you have not conveyed His message) [Al-Ma’idah: 67], and the verse was revealed before Ghadir Khumm, so the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) complied with God Almighty’s command to convey it He announced the guardianship of Ali (peace be upon him). ) on the evidence of his saying: “Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master.” Al-Suyuti narrated on the authority of some of the companions that the verse was revealed like this: “O Messenger, convey what has been revealed to you from your Lord, that Ali is the master of the believers, etc.” (Al-Durr Al-Manthur, Al-Suyuti: vol. 2, p. 298)
6. The Almighty’s saying: (Today I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you...) [Al-Ma’idah: 3], was revealed after the incident of Ghadir Khumm, that is, after the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) reached the authority of Ali (peace be upon him) in Ghadir Khumm.
7. The Almighty says: (And an aware ear perceives it) [Al-Haqqah: 12]. The Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) said: “It is your ear, O Ali.”
8. ( And the forerunners, the forerunners * are those who are brought near) [Al-Waqi’ah: 10-11]. It has been reported that there were three predecessors. In a narration on the authority of Ibn Abbas, he said: “Yushu’ ibn Nun preceded Moses, the companion of Yasin preceded Jesus, and Ali preceded Muhammad” (Achieving Truth and Destroying Falsehood, Al-Tastari: vol. 5, p. 588). In another hadith, the forerunners are four: the son of Adam who was killed, the forerunner of the nation of Moses (peace be upon him), the believer in the family of Pharaoh, the forerunner of the nation of Jesus, who is Habib al-Najjar, and the forerunner of the nation of Muhammad (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace), and he is Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) (Bihar al-Anwar). (Al-Allamah Al-Majlisi: vol. 69, p. 156)
9. God Almighty says: ( Have you made the provision of water for the pilgrims and the caretaker of the Sacred Mosque like he who believes in God and the Last Day and strives in the cause of God) [At-Tawbah: 19], revealed about Ali (peace be upon him), Al-Abbas, and Shaybah. Al-Abbas said: I am better because I have water for the pilgrim in my hand, and Shaybah said: I am better Because the veil of the house is in my hand, and Ali (peace be upon him) said: “I am better, because I believed before you and emigrated and struggled.” They were obligated to the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace), so God Almighty revealed this verse. (Bihar Al-Anwar, Al-Allamah Al-Majlisi: vol. 22, p. 288).
10. The Almighty’s saying: ( Is he who is a believer like he who is a transgressor? Not equal) [Al-Sajdah: 18]. It was revealed about Ali (peace be upon him) and Al-Walid bin Uqba, on the authority of Ibn Abbas: A speech occurred between Ali bin Abi Talib and Al-Walid bin Uqba, and Ali said to him: “You immoral person,” he replied, so God revealed: “Is he who is a believer like he who is a sinner? They are not equal.” (Establishing the Truth and Destroying Falsehood, Al-Tastari: vol. 14, p. 201).
11. God Almighty says: ( O you who have believed, when you debate with the Messenger, then give (almost) charity before your debate) [Al-Mujadila: 12], and no one worked with this verse except Ali (peace be upon him), just as he (peace be upon him) said: “A verse in the Book of God that no one has ever done.” People other than me: Al-Najwa: I had a dinar that I sold for ten dirhams, so whenever I wanted to speak to the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) I gave in charity a dirham that no one would do before me or after me.” (Achieving Truth and Destroying Falsehood, Al-Tastari: vol. 14, p. 207).
12. The Almighty’s saying: ( Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds - the Most Gracious will bestow for them love) [Maryam: 96], was revealed about Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), as in Tafsir Al-Thaalabi, Tadhkirat Al-Khawas, Sibt Ibn Al-Jawzi, and Al-Durr Al-Manthur by Al-Suyuti.
13. The Almighty’s saying: ( Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds - these are the best of creation) [Al-Bayyinah: 7], was revealed about Ali (peace be upon him) as in Tafsir Al-Durr Al-Manthur and others.
14. God Almighty says: (And you will recognize them by the tone of speech) [Muhammad: 30], on the authority of Abu Saeed Al-Khudri, who said of their hatred for Ali bin Abi Talib [Kifayat al-Talib].
15. God Almighty says: (Allah only desires to remove uncleanness from you, O People of the House, and to purify you with a thorough purification) [Al-Ahzab: 33], and the hadith about the covering is well-known and famous, and the verse was revealed when the Prophet sat with Ali, Fatima, Al-Hasan, and Al-Hussein (peace be upon them) under the covering. On the authority of Umm Salamah, she said: This verse was revealed: (God only desires to remove uncleanness from you, O People of the House, and to purify you with a thorough purification) about the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace), Ali, Fatima, Al-Hasan, and Al-Hussein.
16. God Almighty says: (And if they contend against him, then surely God is his master and Gabriel, and the righteous of the believers) [Al-Tahrim: 4], and on the authority of Ibn Abbas, he said: The righteous of the believers is Ali bin Abi Talib, as in Al-Durr Al-Manthur: vol. 6, p. 244. On the authority of Asma bint Umays, she said: I heard the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) saying: “And the reconciler of the believers is Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him.”
17. God Almighty’s saying: ( And he who brought truth and believed in it) [Az-Zumar: 33], on the authority of Mujahid, who said: Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) brought it and Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) believed in it, as in the history of Ibn Asakir and Al-Talib’s Kifayat for Al-Ganji and Tafsir Al-Qurtubi narrated this on the authority of Abu Hurairah. (As in Al-Durr Al-Manthur: vol. 5, p. 328)
18. God Almighty’s saying: ( Is he then upon clear proof from his Lord, and a witness from Him follows it) [Hud: 17], on the authority of Ali (peace be upon him) in a hadith: “The Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) is upon clear proof from his Lord, and I am the witness from Him. I follow him and follow him.. » As in the springs of affection al-Durr al-Manthur.
19. God Almighty says: (Indeed, I will make you a leader for the people. He said, “And of my descendants.” He said, “My covenant will not reach the wrongdoers.” [Al-Baqarah: 124]. On the authority of the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family): “I am the call of my father Abraham.” Then he said: “Then the call ended with me and with Ali.” “One of us prostrates to any idol, so God took me as a prophet and made Ali as a guardian.” (Al-Amali, Sheikh Al-Tusi: vol. 1, p. 889)
Ali (peace be upon him) on the tongue of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family)
On the authority of the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family): (God Almighty entrusted me with a covenant regarding Ali, and I said: O Lord, make it clear to me. He said: Listen, and I said: I heard. Then he said: Indeed, Ali is the banner of guidance, the leader of my friends, and the light of those who obey me He The word that I bind to the righteous: whoever I love, he will love me, and whoever I hate, he will hate me.” (Al-Amali, Sheikh Al-Saduq: p. 565).
The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “Ali is in the seventh heaven like the sun by day on earth, and in the lowest heaven is like the moon by night on earth. God gave Ali from a thousand He lost a portion that if it was divided among the people of the earth, it would be sufficient for them, and God gave him such understanding that if it was divided among the people of the earth, it would be sufficient for them. I likened his gentleness to that of Lot, his character to that of Yahya, his asceticism to the asceticism of Job, his generosity to the generosity of Abraham, and his joy to the joy of Solomon. The son of David, and his strength is as strong as David, and he has a name written on every veil in Paradise” (Al-Amali, Sheikh Al-Saduq: p. 57)
On the authority of Abu Ja`far al-Baqir, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather (peace be upon him), who said: The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said, “Whoever desires to pass over the bridge is pleased with him like a strong wind Asif - and he will enter Paradise without reckoning, so let him be my guardian and guardian - My companion and successor over my family is Ali bin Abi Talib, and whoever is pleased [and whoever wants] to enter Hell should abandon his guardianship, for the glory and majesty of my Lord is true It is the door of God that can only be given from Him, and it is the straight path - and it is the one who asks God about His guardianship. On the Day of Resurrection) (Bihar Al-Anwar, Al-Allamah Al-Majlisi: vol. 38, p. 98).
On the authority of Makhuj bin Yazid Al-Dhahli, we asked the Messenger of God, “Who are the people of Paradise?” He (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “Whoever obeys me and supports Ali after me.” The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) took Ali’s hand and said: Indeed, Ali is from me, and I am from him. So whoever opposes him has challenged me, and whoever opposes me has displeased God Almighty. Then he said: O Ali, your war is my war, and your peace is my peace, and you are the flag between me and my nation) (Yanabi’ al-Mawaddah, Al-Hafiz Al-Qanduzi: vol. 1, p. 65)
On the authority of Ibn Abbas, he said: The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “You will not go astray and you will not perish while you are allied with Ali, and if you differ from him, then your paths and desires have led you astray into error, so fear God, for the protection of God is Ali bin Abi Talib” (Yabi’ al-Amda, Al-Hafiz Al-Qanduzi: Part 2, p. 293)
The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said.. (O people, I am about to be arrested quickly and I will be released, and I have presented to you the word as an apology to you, that I will leave behind you the letter of my Lord Almighty and my family, my family He took Ali’s hand and raised it and said: This is Ali. With the Qur’an and the Qur’an with Ali, they will not separate until they come to the basin, so I will ask them about what I left behind them.” (Al-Amali, Al-Tusi: p. 478)
(On the authority of Hudhayfah, on the authority of the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) who said: If the people had known when Ali was named Commander of the Faithful, they would not have denied his virtue. He was named Commander of the Faithful and Adam was among the soul And the body, and when he said: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes! Then God Almighty said: I am Your Lord, and Muhammad is your Prophet, and Ali is your Commander) (Establishing Truth and Destroying Falsehood, Al-Tustari: vol. 15, p. 227)
On the authority of Ibn Abbas, the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “Whoever wants to live my life, die my death, and live in the eternal garden that my Lord has planted, let him be loyal to Ali after me, and let him be loyal to his guardian He should follow the example of my family after me, for they are my descendants, created from my clay. And they were blessed with my knowledge and understanding, so woe to those of my nation who deny their bounty, to those who sever my ties with them. May God not grant them my intercession.) (Fara’id al-Samatin, Al-Hamwini al-Shafi’i: vol. 1, p. 64)
The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: (O God, whoever believes in me and believes in me, let him be Ali bin Abi Talib’s guardian, for his guardianship is my guardianship, and my guardianship is the guardianship of God) (Al-Amali, Sheikh Al-Tusi: vol. 1, p. 812). The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “Whoever loves to live my life, die my death, and enter Paradise, let him follow Ali and his descendants after him” (Al-Manaqib, Al-Khwarizmi: vol. 1, p. 76)
On the authority of Ibn Abbas, he said: The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) was sitting one day when the Commander of the Faithful came to Ali (peace be upon him). When he saw him, he cried and then said: Come to me, my brother. He continued to bring him closer until he sat on his right side. Then he (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said about Ali: “He is my brother and brother, the one in charge after me, my standard bearer in this world and the hereafter, the companion of my coffin and my intercession, and he is the protector of every Muslim, the imam of every believer, and the leader of every person.”
He is pious, and he is my guardian and successor over my family and nation. During my life and after my death, he who loves him will be my lover, and he who hates him will hate me. By his guardianship, my nation has become merciful, and by his enmity, those who disobey him will be cursed. And I wept when I accepted Indeed, I have mentioned his treachery to the nation after me, to the point that he will be removed from my seat, although God has made it his for him after me, and then the matter will continue with him. Until he is struck on his horn and his beard becomes dyed in the best of months, which is the month of Ramadan in which the Qur’an was revealed as a guidance for the people and clear proofs The guidance and the criterion) (Faraid Al-Samatin, Al-Hamwini Al-Shafi’i: vol. 2, p. 25)
The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “When I was taken on a journey to heaven, and then to the Sidra of the final destination, I was stopped before my Lord, the Almighty and Majestic, and He said to me: O Muhammad. So I said: Here I am O my Lord, I am pleased with You. He said: You have afflicted my character. Which of them did you find to be more obedient to you? I said: My Lord, Ali. He said: You have spoken the truth, O Muhammad. Have you taken for yourself a caliph who will perform on your behalf and teach My servants from My Book? What do they not know? He said: I said no, so choose for me, for your choice is better for me. He said: I have chosen for you. Ali, so take him for yourself as a successor and guardian, and I have bestowed upon him my knowledge and my dream, and he is truly the Commander of the Faithful, and no one has attained it before him, and it is not For someone after him.
O Muhammad, Ali is the banner of guidance, the imam of those who obey me, and the light of my friends, and he is the word that I bind to the pious. Whoever loves him has loved me, and whoever hates him has hated me, so give him good tidings of that, O Muhammad) (Faraid Al-Samatin, Al-Hamwini Al-Shafi’i: vol. 1, p. 244). The Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) said: “There will be a trial after me, so if that happens, press Ali bin Abi Talib, for he will be the first to see me and the first to shake my hand on the Day of Resurrection, and he is the greatest friend Farouk of this nation distinguishes between truth and falsehood, and he is The dragonfly of the believers) (Yanabi’ al-Mawaddah, Al-Hafiz Al-Qanduzi, vol. 1, p. 154)
Sayings of others about the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him)
1- The companion Salman al-Muhammadi (may God be pleased with him) said : (Indeed, he is the One who knows the earth’s burden (i.e., its strength) to which it finds tranquility.) Ghareeb al-Hadith, Ibn al-Jawzi: vol. 1, p. 434.
2- The companion Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad Al-Kindi (may God be pleased with him) said : (I have never seen anything like what came to the people of this house after their Prophet! I am astonished by the Quraysh’s abandonment of a man whom I do not know.) Indeed, there is a man who judges more justly, but I do not know better than him.” Al-Kamil’s Book of History: Part 2, pp. 221-224.
3- Sa’saa bin Suhan said : “By God, O Commander of the Faithful, I have only taught you that you are All-Knowing of God, and that God is great in your eyes, and that you are in a Book God is Most High, Most Wise, and indeed, indeed, to the believers, You are Most Compassionate and Most Merciful.) The joy of gatherings and the solace of gatherings, Yusuf bin Abdullah Al-Qurtubi : Part 1, p. 499.
4- Ibn Abbas (may God be pleased with him) said : (The knowledge of the people was divided into five parts, of which Ali had four parts, and the rest of the people had a part, in which Ali shared it with them and was the most knowledgeable of them) Al-Kamil in History: vol. 2, p. 441.
5- Umm Salamah (may God be pleased with her) said : (By God, Ali is upon the truth before today, and after today, a covenant established, and a decree established) Kashf Al-Ghumma: vol. 1, p. 146, Al-Mu’jam Al-Kabir: vol. 23, p. 330.
6- Abu Bakr said : (While Abu Bakr was sitting, Ali bin Abi Talib appeared from afar, and when Abu Bakr saw him, he said: Who would be pleased to look at the greatest of people? slip, and the closest of them in kinship, and the best of them in giving, and the greatest of them in singing, on the authority of the Messenger of God (may God bless him and grant him peace), so let him see. To this point) History of the City of Damascus, Ibn Asakir: vol. 42, p. 411.
7- Aisha said : (On the authority of Jamil bin Umair, that his mother and two aunts came to Aisha and said: O Mother of the Believers, tell us about Ali. She said: What would you ask about a man who placed his hand in a certain place with the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and his soul asked in his hand, so he wiped it. His face was there, and they disagreed about his burial. He said: The most beloved place to God is the place where His Prophet was arrested. She said: Why did you go out against him? She said: It is a matter that has been decided. I wished to ransom him with whatever is on the earth.) Mukhtasar Tarikh Dimashq, by Ibn Asakir: vol. 18, p. 21.
8- As for Omar bin Al-Khattab , Abu Ishaq said, on the authority of Amr bin Maymun, he said: Omar witnessed the day he was stabbed, so he mentioned the story of the Shura Council, and when they left him, Omar said: (If they give it to Al-Asil’, he will take them on the straight path. Then his son Abdullah said to him, so what’s stopping you?! Omar gathered the Companions of the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) to consult them, and among them was Ali, and he said: (Say, you are the most knowledgeable and the best of them.) Tabaqat al-Fuqaha’, Al-Fayrouzabadi: p. 7.
9- Ibn Abi Al-Hadid Al-Mu’tazili said in his commentary on Nahj al-Balagha: “And what can I say about a man whom the people of the Dhimmah love for their denial of prophecy, who are venerated by philosophers for their opposition to the people of the religion, whose image is depicted by the kings of the Franks and Romans in their shops and houses of worship... He also said: As for asceticism in this world, he is the master of asceticism, and the substitute for change, and to Him journeys are made, and with Him dreams are ended, he is never satisfied with food, and he is the coarsest of people in terms of food and clothing) Sharh Al-Nahj: vol. 1, p 29.
10- Abu Al-Hasan Ali Al-Masoudi, who died in the year (346) AH, said in Muruj Al-Dhahab (vol. 2, 633): (He (peace be upon him) did not wear a new garment during his days, nor did he acquire an estate or rent except something that was his as a spring from what he gave in charity and kept. And the one from whom the people have memorized four hundred and eighty-odd sermons from his sermons in all his shrines, he cites them on the basis of intuition, and the people circulated that about him in word and deed.
11- Omar bin Abdul Aziz said : (We do not know of anyone in this nation who was more ascetic than Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) after the Prophet (may God bless him and his family)) Tadhkirat Al-Khawas: p. 150.
12- Al-Aqqad said in The Imam’s Genius: p. 29: (None of the caliphs was known to be more ascetic than him (peace be upon him) in worldly pleasures or the pursuit of a state. While he was the Commander of the Faithful, he used to eat barley, and his wife would grind it Her hands, and he used to seal the bag that contained the barley flour, saying: : I do not like for something to enter my stomach that I do not know.)
The burial of Imam Ali next to Prophet Adam and Noah
Imam Ali (pbuh) and the Orphans
Martydom of Imam Ali (pbuh)
When Prophet Noah was in the ark, Allah sent him revelation to preform tawaf around the Ka'bah 7 times in his ark, so he did. Then, he came down from the ark into the water, and the water reached his knees. A coffin, which contained the bones of Prophet Adam (a), floated up to the surface. Prophet Noah (a) placed the coffin in the ark and preformed tawaf again, as Allah had ordered. The ark then came to Masjid al-Kufah. Here, Allah sent wahi (revelation) to the earth to drain the water, and the water drained near Masjid al-Kufah. Everyone disembarked the ark and went their separate ways. Prophet Noah (a) took the coffin and put it in a cave close to Najaf al-Ashraf. This cave is thew same mountain that Prophet Moses (a) went to speak to Allah. Allah raised Prophet Jesus (a) to the heavens fromthis mountain, too. On this mountain, Prophet Ibrahim (a) was named the Khalil (special friend) of Allah, he named the Prophet Muhammad (s) Habib (beloved one).
This mountain was home of many Prophets. I swear by Allah that no one in this place is more valuable than these three. So, every time you go to Najaf, perform ziyarah of the bones of Adam (a), the body of Noah (a), and the spirit of Ali (a), and in reality you will have preformed the ziyarah of your forefathers. When the visitors visit the grave of Imam Ali (a) recite a prayer, the doors of the heavens open, so do not be unaware of the goodness that exists in this place. The martyrdom of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, was in Kufa on the night of the twenty-first of the month of Ramadan in the fortieth year of the Hijra, as a result of the blow of Al-Kharji Ibn Muljam - may God curse him - and he was sixty-three years old. Sheikh Al-Mufid said in his book “Al-Irshad”: The death of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, occurred just before dawn on Friday night, the twenty-first night of the month of Ramadan in the year forty of the Hijra. He was killed by the sword, killed by Ibn Muljim Al-Muradi - may God curse him - in the Kufa Mosque... and he took care of washing him.
His two sons, Al-Hasan and Al-Hussein, peace be upon them, shrouded him at his command, and they carried him to the other side of Najaf in Kufa, so they buried him there and cleared the place of his grave with a will from him to them regarding this, because of what he, peace be upon him, knew about the state of the Umayyads after him, and their belief in his enmity, and what they concluded with bad intentions in him. It is an ugly thing to do and to say what they were able to do.
Many famous hadiths were reported from the People of the House, peace be upon them, confirming the burial of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in Najaf in the place where he is now visited. Among them is what was reported from Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, peace be upon him: Imam Ali, peace be upon them, said in his will: Take me out to noon. So if your feet are straight and a wind greets you, bury me. This is the beginning of the Sinai phase, so do that. It is no secret that Al-Dhahr is one of the names of Najaf.
The scholar Ibn Tawus mentioned in Farhat al-Ghari with his chain of transmission on the authority of Hibban ibn Ali al-Anazi on the authority of a servant of Ali ibn Abi Talib who said: When death approached the Commander of the Faithful, he said to al-Hasan and al-Husayn: If I die, carry me on a bed, then take me out, and carry the back of the bed, for you are sufficient for the front of it. Then they brought me to Al-Gharyan, for you will see a white rock, so dig in it, for you will find a grove in it, so bury me in it. He said: When he died, we took him out, and we made us carry the back of the bed and cover the front of it, and we heard noises and rustling until we came to Al-Gharyan, and behold, there was a white rock shining with light, so we dug in. Then, we saw a saddle with the words “What Noah saved for Ali bin Abi Talib” written on it. So we buried him in it and left, and we were pleased with God Almighty’s honor for the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him.
God honored the land of Najaf by making it a resting place for the bodies of the prophets, guardians, and righteous people, especially Adam, Noah, Hud, and Salih, peace be upon them. On the authority of Al-Mufaddal bin Omar Al-Jaafi, he said: I entered upon Abu Abdullah, peace be upon him, and said to him: I long for the stranger. He said: So what is your longing for him? So I said to him: I would love to visit the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him. He said: Do you know the virtue of visiting him? I said: No, O son of the Messenger of God, so he made me aware of that, and he said: If you want to visit the Commander of the Faithful, know that you are visiting the bones of Adam, the body of Noah, and the body of Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him. It was mentioned in the book Al-Tahtheeb by Sheikh Al-Tusi that Imam Ali, peace be upon him, advised his son, Imam Al-Hasan Al-Mujtaba, peace be upon him, saying: ...and if I die, bury me this afternoon, in the grave of my brothers Hud and Salih.
On the authority of Suleiman bin Khalid and Muhammad bin Muslim - who were among the companions of Imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq, peace be upon him - they said: We went to Al-Hira, asked permission, and entered Abu Abdullah, peace be upon him, so we sat with him and asked him about the grave of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him. He said: If you go out and pass Al-Thawiyyah and Al-Qaim, and you arrived from Najaf one or two furlongs away. You saw white dumps, among which was a grave that had been pierced by the torrent. That is the grave of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him.
In addition to that, many sources indicated that the grave of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, is in Najaf, and this is of noteworthy importance due to what was mentioned in some texts by the violators, which cast doubt on the authenticity of the location of the Noble Shrine, and whose publication was motivated by hatred and hostility towards the Master of the Guardians, peace be upon him. Ibn al-Hadid al-Mu'tazili responded to them in his explanation of Nahj al-Balagha, saying: (And his grave was in the grave, and what the scholars of hadith claim - of the difference in his grave, and that he was carried to Medina, or buried in the courtyard of the mosque, or at the door of the Emirate Palace, or the camel that was carried was called, so I took him. The Bedouins - it is entirely false, it has no truth, and his children are known by his grave, and the children of all people are known by the graves of their foreign fathers, and this is the grave that his sons visited when they came to Iraq, including Jaafar bin Muhammad, peace be upon him, and other of their elders and notables.
The scholar Ibn Tawus said in Farhat al-Ghari the following: There is no doubt that his family and his Shiites agree that this is the place of his grave. They do not doubt it at all, and they see traces on it that indicate the truth of their words, and they are like proof against the evil that is trying to disrupt. The most amazing thing is that if a person stood On an unknown grave and said: This is the grave of my father. This goes back to what he said, and it was accepted and there is no doubt about it for the listener. His family, the venerable imams, say: This is the grave of our father, and it is not accepted from them, and the far-off and hostile foreigners are more knowledgeable about it. This is a strange statement.
The Imam of the pious, peace be upon him, advised his family to hide his grave after his death because he knew that the matter would fall to his enemies after him, as they would not hesitate to dig up the grave out of hatred and enmity towards him. Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, answered the question of one of his companions, Safwan al-Jamal, about the reason that prevented the People of the House, peace be upon them, from exposing the grave. He, peace be upon him, said: Beware of the Banu Marwan and the Kharijites, lest they seek to harm him. And Sheikh Jaafar, his beloved, quoted him. From the book “Mukhtab al-Tawarikh” that Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf al-Thaqafi dug three thousand graves in Najaf in search of the body of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him.
Al-Sayyid Ibn Tawus explained the reason for the concealment, saying: “This necessitated that he commanded that he, peace be upon him, be buried secretly, out of fear of the Umayyads and their helpers, the Kharijites and their likes. Perhaps if they exhumed him, despite their knowledge of his location, this would cause the Banu Hashim to wage war and confrontation, which he, peace be upon him, condoned during his lifetime. So how could they not Is he recommended to leave what is subject to dispute after his death, while there were countless benefits in his grave that are not known to us in detail?
The location of the honorable grave in Najaf remained a secret that was only known to the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, and the elite among their Shiites, following the will of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, from the fortieth year of the Hijra until the fall of the Umayyad state and the establishment of the Abbasid state in the year 132 AH/749 AD. After the disappearance of fear and caution, Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq revealed the honorable grave and directed his Shiites to it and ordered them to visit it when he arrived in Iraq at the request of the first caliph of the Abbasids, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah, when he met him in al-Hira. The Imam, peace be upon him, built a bench on the grave to indicate it.
Sheikh Al-Mufid said in this regard: (His grave, peace be upon him, remained hidden until Al-Sadiq Jaafar bin Muhammad, peace be upon them both, led him to it in the Abbasid Empire) [4]. Ishaq bin Jarir narrated on the authority of Abu Abdullah Al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, that he said: When I was in Al-Hira with Abu Al-Abbas, I used to go to the grave of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, at night, which is in the district of Najaf Al-Hira, next to Ghari Al-Nu’man, and I would pray the night prayer with him and leave before dawn.
Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, visited the grave of his grandfather, the Master of the Guardians, may God’s prayers be upon him, many times during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph Abu Jaafar al-Mansur. In one of these visits, the Imam, peace be upon him, gave Safwan al-Jamal a sum of money to repair the grave. Safwan said: I said: Sir: Do you permit me to tell our companions from the people of Kufa about him? He said yes, and he gave me dirhams, and I repaired the grave.
Unfortunately, some ancient and recent historians fell into delusion when they dealt with the narratives about the shrine of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, without investigation and scrutiny. They moved away from the truth when they stated that Harun al-Abbasi was the first to uncover the grave in the year 170 AH/786 AD or 175 AH/791 AD when they discussed it. The story of the hunting incident in the Najaf region, intentionally or unintentionally ignoring what Imam Jaafar al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, did in the year 132 AH when he uncovered the grave and built a bench on it, and urged people to visit it, as we explained above. How can the one who established hostility towards the People of the House, peace be upon them, oppressed their Shiites, and imprisoned Imam Musa Al-Kadhim, peace be upon him, until he died in his prison of poisoning, can venerate the shrine of the Commander of the Faithful, may God’s prayers be upon him?
Sheikh Al-Mufid mentioned in “Al-Irshad” the details of this story by saying: Muhammad bin Zakaria narrated, saying: Abdullah bin Muhammad told us on the authority of Ibn Aisha, he said: Abdullah bin Hazim told me, he said: One day we went out with Al-Rashid from Kufa hunting, so we went to the area of Al-Ghariyan and Al-Thawiya. So we saw an antelope, so we sent hawks and dogs towards it, and they roamed with it for an hour. Then the antelope took refuge in a hill and stood on it, and the hawks fell to one side and the dogs returned. Al-Rashid was amazed at that. Then the antelopes descended from the hill, so the hawks and dogs descended, so the antelopes returned to the hill, so the hawks and dogs retreated from them, so they did that three times.
Al-Rashid Harun said: Run, and whoever you meet, bring him. We brought him an old man from Banu Asad. Harun said to him: Tell me what this hill is. He said: If you give me safety, I will tell you. He said: You have a covenant from God that I will not disturb you or harm you. He said: My father told me on the authority of his fathers They used to say that in this hill is the grave of Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him. God has made it a sanctuary where no one can take shelter unless he is safe.
As for what was mentioned about Aaron rebuilding the Holy Grave, it requires careful consideration and further contemplation. Ibn Tawus narrated a narration - which cannot be trusted for many reasons - in which he said: (And as Ibn Tahhal mentioned: Al-Rashid built a structure on it with white bricks smaller than this shrine today, on each side by an arm’s length, and when we uncovered the noble shrine we found it built, with earth and plaster on it. Al-Rashid ordered that a dome be built over it, and it was built of red clay, and a green jar was placed on top of it, and it is in the treasury to this day) [8]. It was mentioned in the margin of the book Farhat Al-Ghari, edited by Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Najaf, that in version (i) the word “habra” appears.
Professor Dr. Salah Al-Fartusi, in his book The Shrine and Shrine of the Commander of the Faithful, cast doubt on the reality of the architecture attributed to Harun. He said: (If we reconsider the narration of Ibn al-Tahhal, we will see it without any support or source to support it. Rather, I see it as being jostled and unable to withstand, for the holy shrine was built on it without a building between the two centuries. The third and sixth, and the most famous of its buildings is the building with a white dome, which is the Adad al-Dawla Building.
It is worth noting that Al-Dumayri, in his book “The Great Life of the Animal,” quoted from Ibn Khallikan what indicates that Harun Al-Abbasi stoned the grave only, and there is no reference in his narration to any luxurious building that was built to replace the bench that Imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, erected. Al-Dumairi said: (So Al-Rashid ordered the place to be stoned, and it was the first foundation to be laid in it. Then the buildings in it increased during the days of the Samanidah and Banu Hamdan, and it increased during the days of Daylam, that is, the days of Banu Buyeh) [10].
In addition, what weakens this narrative and leads to its rejection is that building domes over graves was not known at that time. It is known that the first dome built on a shrine in Iraq was over the tomb of Al-Muntasir Billah ibn Al-Mutawakkil Al-Abbasi in Samarra, who died in the year 248/862 AD. Dr. Souad Maher said in this regard: The mother of Caliph Al-Muntasir - who was of Greek origin - was keen to build a shrine for him far from the palace in which he lived, known as the Crusader Dome.
Certaintly, Allah has placed your grave and the graves of your children in visibile, honorable, and heavenly places. He has made the hearts of his chosen and pure servants love you so deeply that they will bear torture, pain, and belittlement in order to come visit your graves. In order to seek nearness to Allah and strengthen their friendship with the Prophet (s), they will come visit you frequently. O Ali, these servants will receive my intercession and enter the Fountain of Kawthar, and they will be my visitors in Heaven.
Rasullah Allah (s) said to Imam Ali (a):
Some Western writers addressed the Islamic heritage, as they dealt with the Holy Qur’an, the Noble Hadith, the Prophet’s biography, Islamic history, and other historical, doctrinal, and intellectual studies. Imam Ali had a space in their studies. Some of them dealt with it through the Prophet’s biography, and some of them studied it according to the path of His life from birth to martyrdom.
Western writers dealt with Imam Ali, “peace be upon him,” from multiple aspects, scientifically, intellectually, militarily, and economically. They derived their texts from prophetic hadiths and Islamic sources. The Western writer, “Arendunk,” tried through the prophetic hadiths to explain the historical depth of the words indicating the status of Imam Ali and the Household. “Islam be upon them” while Hanna Fakhoury confirms: “We find in the words of Imam Ali a moral revolution that grants him a special place in the literature of that era and a moral revolution that makes his words literary pleasure and artistic beauty”.
We also note that the Western writer De Boer often focused in his writings on the words of Imam Ali: “Wisdom is the lost property of the believer, so take wisdom, even if it is from the people of hypocrisy”, so he was extensively absorbed in the wisdom, philosophy, sociology, and politics of Imam Ali, and for this reason he says Mikhail Naima: “Ali is one of the giants of thought, spirit, and statement in every time and place” It seems that Mikhail Naima realized the characteristics that this great giant possesses are what made him be a pinnacle among the peaks, if not the highest, because his diversity and richness made him jealous. In all aspects of life, if he deals with them carefully, you will see him speaking about politics, education, learning, poetry, and all other human ideals. This is what the Mu’tazila sect made Imam Ali their highest role model in thought, because it is a wisdom abundant in meaning, beautiful in structure, that his mind takes in, has no color or pattern, and so it passes through his imagination. If it is a beautiful picture in which life vibrates, then he is wise above all things, and wise in all his sermons and speeches.
In his book, “The Orientalists and the Translation of the Noble Qur’an,” Muhammad Salih Al-Bundaq adopted an accurate description of the sayings of Imam Ali, such as his saying, for example but not limited to: “The Qur’an has an elegant exterior, and a deep interior. Its wonders do not fade, its strange things do not disappear, and darknesses cannot be revealed without it” Likewise, saying: “The Book of God is before you, a speaker whose tongue is not weary, a house whose foundations cannot be demolished, and a magnificence whose helpers cannot be defeated...”, and many Christian historians wrote about the scientific and intellectual side of the Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib Ali For example, but not limited to, “Philip Hatta” in his book “The History of the Arabs”, Hanna Fakhoury in his book “The History of Arab Literature”, and George Jurdak in his book “Imam Ali, the Voice of Human Justice”, as “Philip Hatta” confirms: “Muslims have agreed to consider... Ali Nebras was wise and courageous, so groups of young men and Sufis put him in the position of psychological beauty and imagined him as a high example”.
Some Western writers also touched on the political, economic, administrative and social system of caliphate. The orientalist Irving said: “The Messenger wanted to entrust the Muslims to his family, especially Ali Ibn Abi Talib, whom he loved. He said, ‘Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master. O God, befriend whoever befriends him, antagonize whoever is hostile to him, and grant victory to whoever I am his master.” Help him, and abandon those who abandon him, and do what is right with him wherever he turns. Indeed, have you conveyed it?”. When the pledge of allegiance to al-Ghadir did not reach implementation, it led to conflicts among Muslim circles. The orientalist Cedlio says: “If the principle of inheritance had been recognized, and it was in Ali’s favor, it would have been possible That principle was to prevent calamitous disputes that drowned Islam in blood, and... in addition to his personality, he had the right of inheritance as a legitimate heir to the Messenger, and perhaps he thought that all Muslims would offer themselves to serve him as long as he was pure and noble, but this did not happen”.
The writer O'Leary also pointed out Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan's rebellion against the legitimate caliphate by saying: "The internal division appeared when Ali ascended to the throne of the caliphate as a real reality. The worldly Muslims supported Muawiyah, who was governor of the Levant, and refused to pledge allegiance to Ali". Then he comments on this, saying that Imam Ali’s doctrine and his firm belief in Islam did not allow him to shake hands with these worldly people, and he wanted to implement Islamic law, with all its social, administrative, economic, and religious dimensions.
We conclude from this that the attempts to extinguish the light of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, the stepson of the Most Noble Prophet, and to obscure his shining role with his shining years on humanity, are miserable, losing attempts, and they are more despicable than what the arrogant tyrants and those with worldly ambitions who were chasing after money and power could imagine. The attempts of the Orientalists - despite their position on... Islam - They cannot help but acknowledge the greatness of this man, and you even see them drawing inspiration from his biography, the principles upon which they build their theories of governance and politics, inspired by the great human principles that his words and deeds are full of, and which no one can deny, and which are clearer than the sun in the fourth day.
Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib, “peace be upon him,” in the eyes of the orientalists
It is known that history mentioned men who had courage and strength, and they were all distinguished by cruelty and chivalry, but they lacked compassion, knowledge, wisdom, and humanity.
He also mentioned men who possess wisdom, knowledge, compassion, and humanity, but in return they lack courage and chivalry. But in the character of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, the highest meanings of humanity, mercy, love for the servants of God, generosity, tolerance, and unparalleled courage in all ages came together until it became known worldwide that Imam Ali is the most just man in the history of all mankind.
The most honorable Prophet praised the wisdom, virtue, and mercy of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in many honorable situations and hadiths, including his saying (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family): O Ali, you and I are the fathers of this nation. He also said (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family): If the clouds were pens and the sea were ink, and the jinn were a reckoning and mankind a book, they would not have counted the virtues of Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him).
The highest meanings of humanity in Imam Ali are evident in his compassionate and compassionate treatment of orphans. Whoever reads his biography, peace be upon him, finds a man who emanates compassion, giving, and unparalleled love for orphans. How could he not be the father of this nation after the most honorable Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family).
In these lines, we will convey the stories of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) with the orphans...
First story: It was narrated on the authority of Zaid Ibn Aslam that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was walking in the streets of Kufa at night, checking on the poor and orphans. He heard the sound of children crying, so he approached the house and knocked on the door. Their mother opened the door, and the Imam asked her about the reason for her children’s crying. She replied that they were hungry and crying from hunger.
The Imam (peace be upon him) said: Why are they hungry? She said: Because we don't have food. The Imam, peace be upon him, was amazed and asked her about the owner of the house. She replied that their father was killed in the battle. Then the Imam noticed that there was a pot boiling, so he asked her about it. She replied that I put water in the pot and I was trying to entertain the children so that they would forget hunger and sleep... So he said to her, “Wait for me, God willing, so the Imam hastened.” He went home and carried a bag containing flour, ghee and dates
Qanbar said to him: Sir, let me carry it for you.
The Imam (peace be upon him) replied: I am more worthy of carrying it than you.He carried her on his back and headed to that house... He knocked on the door and the widow opened the door for him. He said to her: Mother of God, either... you cook the food and I entertain the children, or I cook the food. She said, if necessary, then light the oven. The Imam, peace be upon him, used to light the fire in the oven. He brought his honorable cheek to the fire, saying: O Ali, how do orphans stay hungry? O Ali... Then the woman came to bake bread, so the Imam went to the children and started playing with them, carrying them on his back while they were laughing happily... Qanbar says, I was astonished, so I asked myself: Is this a door knocker? Khaybar is a welcome killer??!! When the woman finished eating, the Commander of the Faithful put the food in the orphans’ mouths and said, “Eat and ask God to forgive Ali.”
Second story:
One night, Ali, peace be upon him, brought food to a family that had lost its breadwinner and had orphans. He found among the orphans a child who was restless, so the Imam, peace be upon him, asked him about the reason for that. The child said: The children tell me that you have no father. The Imam, peace be upon him, said to him: Tell them that Ali is my father. The child did not calm down, and said: Our neighbors’ children have a wooden horse, and I do not have one like it. The Imam, peace be upon him, brought it to him so he could rejoice and play with it. But the child did not calm down and began to make excuses one after another, and said to the Imam, peace be upon him: I want a horse that I can ride and walk with me! The Commander of the Faithful bent down to put the boy on his back and said: Here I have become a horse for you. So the Imam, peace be upon him, continued to put the child on his back and walk with him until the child became tired and fell asleep on the back of the Imam, peace be upon him, so he put him in his bed and left the house.
This is the father of the nation, this is the source of love and kindness. Orphans in the words of Imam Ali. He, peace be upon him, said, “Oppressing the orphans and the poor brings vengeance and takes away blessings.” And he, peace be upon him, said, “God, God is with the orphans. Do not let their mouths oppress and let them not be wasted in your presence. For I heard the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) say: Whoever takes care of an orphan until he becomes rich, God has made Paradise obligatory for him just as he has made food obligatory.” The orphan's property is fire.
On the authority of Al-Asbagh Ibn Nubatah, he said: When the orphans heard of Imam Ali’s wound (peace be upon him) and the doctor’s advice to him to take milk, Ibn Nubatah says: I saw the orphans lined up in front of the house of the Imam (peace be upon him) and saying this to our father Ali, and when Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) came out to inspect them. He saw one of the orphans with milk in his hand and said, crying, “You sent us the milk. Take the milk and bring back our father Ali.
The martyrdom of the Commander of the Faithful, Ali, peace be upon him, and his lifespan and the duration of his caliphate: He, peace be upon him, was martyred in the year 40 AH in the month of Ramadan, on the night of nineteen, the night of Wednesday, and the night of Friday, the night of the twenty-first, according to what is known among our companions, and according to what the Shiites do today, and it was narrated.
Al-Tabari and Ibn Al-Atheer said that he was struck on Friday night for the eleven remaining nights of the month of Ramadan, so his death occurred on Sunday night. His age was “sixty-three years,” narrated by Al-Hakim in Al-Mustadrak on the authority of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, or “sixty-four” or “sixty-five years,” including ten or twelve years before the mission and twenty-three with the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace. His family after the mission was thirteen in Mecca, ten in Medina, and thirty years after the death of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, and it was said about his age other than that. Al-Hakim narrated in Al-Mustadrak on the authority of Jaafar bin Muhammad on the authority of his father that he was killed when he was “fifty-eight years old.”
The most famous of the first and third sayings is that Ibn Shahr Ashub said in Al-Manaqib: He, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, was arrested and killed in the mosque of Kufa at the time of enlightenment on the night of Friday, nineteen nights ago in the month of Ramadan, and he remained for two days until about a third of the night, and he was “sixty-five years old” on that day. » In the words of Al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, the majority said, “Sixty-three years.” Al-Hakim narrated in Al-Mustadrak with his chain of transmission on the authority of Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Laila: Ali was killed on Friday, seventeen nights before the month of Ramadan in the year 40, which is the day he was killed. “Sixty-three years old.” Or “sixty-four” (with its chain of transmission) on the authority of Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah: Ali bin Abi Talib was killed in the year 40 of the emigrants of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, and he was “sixty-three years old.” He was killed on Friday by Al-Haadi and The twentieth of the month of Ramadan, and he died on a Sunday and was buried in Kufa.
The duration of his caliphate was five years, except for about four or three months, because he pledged allegiance to the last five days of Dhul-Hijjah in the year 35. Al-Hakim narrated in Al-Mustadrak on the authority of Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Laila that his caliphate was five years. Years minus three months, then it was narrated on the authority of Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah that he said he appointed Ali bin Abi Talib for five years, as if it was based on some kind of tolerance. His own obituary before his death. Ibn al-Atheer said in Al-Kamil. It has been said without any basis that Ali used to say, “What prevents your brothers from dyeing one of these, meaning his beard, with the blood of his head?” Al-Hasan bin Katheer said on the authority of his father: “Ali came out at dawn and the geese arrived, clawing at his face, so they drove them away from him, so he said, ‘Leave them.’” They were wailing, so Ibn Muljim beat him that night, and Al-Hasan bin Ali said on the day of Ali’s martyrdom:Yesterday, I went out while my father was praying in his mosque.
He said to me, “O my son, I woke up my family because it was Friday night, so my eyes seized me and I fell asleep, so the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, gave me permission, so I said, ‘O Messenger of God, what kind of cruelty and bitterness have I encountered from your nation?’” Abu Al-Faraj said. “And the most crooked and bitterest are quarrels.” So he said to me: “Pray for them.” So I said, “O God, replace me with someone who is better than them, and replace them with someone who is worse than me.” Ibn al-Thabbaj came and gave him the call to prayer, so he left and I went out behind him, so Ibn Muljam struck him and killed him. And in Tadhkirat al-Khawas on the authority of al-Sha’bi, Ali chanted. Peace be upon him, a few days before he was killed: The Quraysh wished me to kill me, but by your Lord, they will not win or prevail, and if I remain, I will pledge my responsibility to them for one and two minutes, for which no trace will be forgiven. He will inherit from them, for I have lost the humiliation of life for what they have betrayed and what they have betrayed.
The commandment of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him: It was mentioned by Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari in his history, and by Abu al-Faraj al-Isbahani in Muqatil al-Talibi. In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is what the Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib, recommended. He testified that there is no god but God alone, with no partner. And that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. He sent him with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religions, even if the polytheists hate it. Then my prayer, my rituals, my life, and my death belong to God, Lord of the worlds, with no partner. And with that I have commanded, and I am the first of the Muslims, to command you to fear God and not to desire this world and if I wrong you, and do not be sorry for any of it, turn away from you, and speak the truth, and work for the reward (for the Hereafter, and be an adversary to the oppressor and a helper to the oppressed.)
I command you, all my children, my household, and those to whom this letter has reached me from among the believers, to fear God and regulate your affairs. And reconciliation between you, for I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, saying, Reconciliation between people is better than general prayer and fasting, and hatred pervades religion, and there is no power except in God. Look to your relatives and pray for them. May God make the reckoning easy for you. And God is God in the orphans. Do not change. And do not let them waste their mouths in your presence, for I heard the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, say: Whoever supports an orphan until he becomes rich, God has made Paradise obligatory for him, just as he has made it obligatory for anyone who consumes an orphan’s wealth to have Hell. And God is God in the Qur’an, so no one else will precede you in acting upon it, and God is God among your neighbors, for they are The will of your Prophet continues to advise us of them to the point that we thought that he would inherit them.
By God, God is in the house of your Lord, so they will not be estranged from you as long as you remain, for if he leaves, you will not debate, and the least he can take from his mother is that his past sins be forgiven. By God, God is in prayer, for it is the best work. It is the pillar of your religion, and God is God in zakat, for it extinguishes the wrath of your Lord. By God is God in fasting the month of Ramadan, for its fasting is a shield from hell. By God, God is in jihad in the path of God with your money and your lives. For only two men struggle in the path of God, an imam of guidance and an obedient one who follows his guidance. By God God is in the offspring of your Prophet, so let him not be treated unjustly among you. By God, God is in the companions of your Prophet who did not narrate something and did not shelter an innovator. For the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, enjoined them and cursed the innovator among them and others, and the shelter for the innovator. By God, God is in the poor and The poor, so share your livelihood with them.
By God, God is in women and what your right hands possess. The last thing the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, spoke was that he said, “I advise you to treat the weak among your women and what your right hands possess.” Then he said, “Prayer, prayer, and do not fear for God’s sake the blame of a blamer who will suffice you from whoever wants you.” And it is wrong for you to speak well to people as God Almighty has commanded you, and do not abandon enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, for God will put the worst among you in charge, then you will pray, but your prayers will not be answered. You must communicate, sacrifice, and show each other. Beware of intersecting, dissipating, and dispersing, and cooperate in righteousness and piety. And do not cooperate in sin and aggression, and fear God. Indeed, God is severe in punishment.
May God protect you from your family and preserve your Prophet among you. May God entrust you with the best repository and may God’s peace, mercy, and blessings be upon you.Ibn al-Atheer said that he called Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein, peace be upon them, and said to them: I advise you to fear God, and do not seek this world, even if it desires you, and do not cry over anything that has taken you away from it, and speak the truth, and have mercy on the orphan, and be an adversary to the oppressor and a helper to the oppressed, and do what is in the Book of God. And for God's sake, do not let the blame of a blamer take you. Then he looked at Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya and said, "Have you kept what I advised your two brothers to do?" He said, "Yes." He said, "I advise you to do the same, and I advise you to respect your two brothers, their great right upon you, and do not sever anything between them."
Then he said, "I recommend him to you, for he is your brother and your father's son, and you have known." Your father loved him and said to Al-Hassan, “I advise you, my son, to fear God, establish prayer, pay zakat, forgive sins, suppress anger, maintain ties with family ties, be patient with the ignorant, understand religion, adhere to the Qur’an, be good neighbors, enjoin good and forbid evil, and avoid immoral acts.” Then he said to Al-Hasan: They saw my attacker, feed him with my food and give him a drink of my drink. Then he said to Al-Hasan, peace be upon him, “If I die, do not exaggerate in my shroud, pray for me, say “Allahu Akbar” for me seven times, and according to one narration, five, and leave my grave behind.
The location of the grave of the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him: It is known that he was carried at night to the district of Gharyan and buried there, and his grave was hidden by his will. Ibn Abi al-Hadid narrated in Sharh al-Nahj on the authority of Abu al-Qasim al-Balkhi that he said that when Ali, peace be upon him, was killed, his sons intended to hide it. His grave for fear that the Umayyads would cause something to happen in his grave, so they gave the people different illusions about the location of his grave that night, which was the night of his burial, so they tied a coffin tied with ropes to a camel that smelled of camphor, and they took it out of Kufa in the dark of the night with their trustworthy company, under the illusion that they were carrying it to Medina and burying it near Fatima. Peace be upon her, and they brought out a mule with a covered funeral on it, pretending that they were burying it in Al-Hira.
They dug several excavations, some in the mosque, some in the courtyard of the Emirate Palace, some in a room of the house of the Ja’dah bin Hubayra Al-Makhzoumi family, and some in the foundation of the house of Abdullah bin Yazid Al-Qusri, at the foot of Bab Al-Waraqin, which is next to the qibla. The mosque, some of it in the church, and some of it in the thawiya, so the location of his grave was blind to the people, and no one knew of his true burial except his sons and the loyal elite of his companions, for they took him out, peace be upon him, at dawn on the twenty-first night of the month of Ramadan, and buried him in Al-Najaf in the place known as Al-Ghari, with a will. From him, peace be upon him, to them about that, and a covenant he made to them, and the place of his grave was made public to the people, and the groups differed greatly on the morning of that day.